Death II

I received reactions from several readers noting that in my most recent post, “Death,” I skipped over the most obvious aspect of death—the often unbearable sorrow of those left behind.

They were right about my omitting the devastation of those who loved someone who no longer lives. My post was about the non-experience of death, that is, about death from the point of view (were one to hypothesize one) of the deceased. It paid only passing notice of the sadness left behind. I did that because of my intended focus on death itself, not its effects. Frankly, saying anything remotely intelligent about the grieving loved-ones is a far harder—and monumentally different—task than what I attempted to describe. It was not omitted by accident.

Had I tried to opine on what they found omitted, I’d have quickly been in deep water. Truth is, I don’t know what it feels like. And if I did, I’d be no closer to knowing how to make it easier. There are those who study that sad phenomenon and make recommendations, but whatever they have to say is miles beyond my understanding. Most of us, of course, have experienced or will experience that sorrow at some time. But if one could collapse the time scale, we’d know that the sorrow is experienced by virtually everyone. Those of us it hasn’t visited yet will know later rather than sooner, but ‘know’ we will. Even if I am right about our own death not being experienced, for each of us the death of those close to us is very much experienced.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Life, living, and death | Leave a comment

The Presidency

I am neither politically inclined, politically partisan (much), politically knowledgeable, nor politically skilled. But I do follow national politics reasonably well, read a lot of governmental history and opinion, occasionally write elected officials, and get emotionally carried along on the political elation/despair roller coaster (well, not so much the elation part).

I voted for President Obama twice. I would not change those votes even if I could. He had some of the John Kennedy appeal—that may seem shallow, but a “spiritual uplift” has its importance. He offered a chance to prove the highest officer in the land does not have to be Caucasian. He spoke well and was smarter than his predecessor. His heart seemed to be, in my opinion, in the right place. And Republicans both times were running candidates who were, frankly, frightening.

But I did not vote for him out of confidence that he could competently manage so large, complex, and unyielding a machinery as the federal government. Much of the federal establishment runs itself—that is both the beauty and the bane of bureaucratic organization. To a large degree, the federal government will run if the president takes a four year nap. Changing it or adding to it presents the difficulty, sometimes a monstrous one.

Sparring with partisan politics distracts the chief executive from managing the monster. The cards are stacked against a smoothly functioning, constantly improving federal establishment; entropy is the order of the day. The president is both chief executive of the total executive branch and, further, commander-in-chief of the military part. But in the face of all that responsibility, with scant exceptions our chief executives have been devoid of chief executive officer (CEO) understandings and skills.

It would be an incompetent board of directors, indeed, that would hire as CEO for a large company a person as lacking in executive skills as, oh, say, Barack Obama or John McCain. (Their running mates were not any better.) Community organizers and senators have similarly small staffs. Even running a small company or a whole state doesn’t assure management expertise needed for a massive company and certainly not for a behemoth government.

But the answer is simple—right?—a president has access to all the help he or she needs. Not right. To say that presidents can hire assistants with the needed executive skills to cover their personal deficiencies makes no more sense than if it were said about large company CEOs. Assistants with sufficient managerial experience would be powerful in their own rights, more capable of managing the president than he or she in managing them. (George Bush didn’t do so well with Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld.) Jimmy Carter thought mistakenly that mastery of details was the way to go. FDR, like Hitler, maintained power by, in part, setting delegatees against each other. How to control without “meddling” is a precarious balance for which mere intelligence and goodwill cannot substitute.

So (even without the debacle of the Obamacare roll-out) am I saying that President Obama was managerial unprepared for his job . . . and still is? Yes, without any doubt. But no more so than most presidents in history and no more so than all the competitors he had, with the possible exception of Mitt Romney. I say “possible” exception because quick corporate downsizing for sale is not the same as ongoing CEO experience. Even gubernatorial experience—fraught so thoroughly with politics rather than strictly management—counts little in my calculus. Even so, Romney was the top contender on this particular scale in at least a decade.

No, I’ll go further on that limb: There has been no president with advanced managerial skills—those even approaching a match for the complexity and size of the United States executive branch—since Eisenhower.

Fact is, neither political parties nor the average American voter even thinks of the overwhelming management job that awaits a new president. The relationship between a president and Congress is unlike the familiar board/CEO relationship of business and NGO organizations; so some managerial principles forged in business must be adapted. It is hard to adapt what you don’t know. Moreover, the Congress repeatedly plunges into executive branch components in a way that duplicates the worst practices of some corporate and NGO boards. It is hard to discern whether the president or the Congress consistently even wants the executive branch to be successful (as success is defined by law), for there are times when causing failure is to someone’s political advantage (Obamacare and undermanned federal courts are but two current examples).

Perhaps the upshot of all that is that the design of the presidency coupled with the dizzying cross-current of partisan concerns and the crushingly large size of the United States make the job impossible no matter how competent the president is nor, in a curiously fortuitous way, how incompetent.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Politics | Leave a comment

Death

I’ve been thinking about death. No, not the ax murderer or Bates Motel features. And not the physical or mental pain that might precede it. Not even about the pain for those destined to die later, but not just yet.

Someday I and others will find out if I’m fooling myself, but I profess to have no fear of death. However, since I am not looking to die, I’ve also no reason to short circuit the natural death-avoidance reactions. Yes, I would dodge a bullet if I could. Frankly, I’m having too much fun to intentionally turn in my library card quite yet.

An NPR interviewer recently, to introduce her question to an author, led off with “Of course, I haven’t experienced death . . .” No, she hadn’t—which seems rather obvious—but what isn’t as obvious is that she never will. Only other persons will experience her death.

This point won’t go over well with folks who believe there’s an afterlife (despite there being zero evidence for one): nobody will know that he or she has just died. Woody Allen, who said, “It’s not that I’m afraid to die, I just don’t want to be there when it happens,” will literally get his wish. Let me illustrate.

When I die, others will say, “John’s dead.” But I, John, won’t be aware of it. I might have been aware death was imminent—“this plane’s going down,” “that 18 wheeler is coming right at me,” or merely “oops.” Perhaps I will have been aware of the darkening silence of fading away. But my death itself will be other people’s business, not mine. Seriously, my death will belong to others, not to me. You could say I’ll be the last to know. That’d be wrong, of course, since the memo won’t even be coming my way. All my verbs will switch immediately into past tense: is->was, drives->drove, lusts->lusted, loves->loved, writes->wrote, puns->punned (that last one might cause some celebration).

I will not even have “lost” my life. I might have been in the process of losing it, but having done so, there will be no me to have lost anything. The universe will have gotten along without me for over 13 billion years, and even then didn’t pay much attention to the few decades it had me, living as I was between two bookends of non-existence (plagiarized wording). I will have been—indeed already am—quite temporary, hardly a blip on the screen. As Dale McGowan puts it in Atheism for Dummies, “I am a piece of the universe that woke up” (and that not for long).

Incidentally, isn’t it strange that religious believers, for whom an afterlife is a big deal, are as frightened by death as anyone? Jesus, they believe, got a head start on the afterlife phenomenon . . . sort of a beta test. Good thing it went well, for it enabled St. Paul to say if it hadn’t come out right, the whole religion would have had to be scrapped. What Paul, the performer formerly known as Saul, didn’t mention was all those other faith-celebrities who’d beat Jesus to it. But I digress.

Unashamed, I will digress a bit more. I’ve used the word afterlife in its usual Christian meaning wherein there is survival of personality and that loved ones, even marginally liked ones, get to see each other again. (I’ve never known how that works with “loved ones” who despise each other.) I was asked just yesterday by a waiter acquainted with my infidel views, to opine on the New Age spirituality of our “energy” surviving past death. Of course, all the molecules and energy inherent in matter do survive and go back into the cosmic pool to be used to build Madonna’s grandchildren, submarines, and waste treatment plants.

But New Agers mean more than a chemist’s version of afterlife. So I had to disappoint my sincere questioner, making it up in the tip, feeling as I do that spiritualists are as misled by phantasmagoria as are Christians. OK, digressing twice is enough; now, where was I? Oh yes, to borrow again from our man Paul (Ever notice how much he keeps popping up? That’s a skill handy on the road to present day Damascus.): “O death, where is thy sting?”

Truth is, except for those left behind (itself just a temporary state), death is not only not stinging, but is a non-event. I won’t know my own death happens. As Epicurus tried to tell us 2,500 years ago, for the hero or heroine in that unstoppable, recurring play, death is the least worrisome part of life. I was “dead” before mid-1938 and it was probably the most relaxed and peaceful I’ve ever been.

So, to me, the only importance of that eventual event will be the pain caused to my wife, family, and close friends. For me, now a healthy 75, I am far more afraid of living too long.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Life, living, and death | Leave a comment

Gay pride?

“I am heterosexual,” began a comment I recently received, “It never occurred to me to be ‘proud’ of being heterosexual. Did it ever occur to you that you were proud of being heterosexual?” This question was framed in reaction to a Pentagon gay pride event—only a half hour event, but official nonetheless.

The correspondent went on. “I was ‘proud’ to be in the military and ‘proud’ to be serving my country, and that was enough for me. Blacks were treated far worse than gays in the military until recently, but I’m not aware that there are annual ‘black pride’ events. Yet they have a lot of military history to be proud of. I am not aware of a ‘native American pride’ event in the Pentagon, yet native Americans have a proud history of military service. These groups apparently do not feel the need to be ‘celebrated’ at some annual official government-sponsored event, for their record of heroic service speaks for itself. I am all for homosexuals being proud of serving heroically in the United States military. But not to be proud just for being gay.”

I don’t know the factors involved in the Pentagon’s approach to celebrations of any sort, much less those for specific issues. I don’t know that there have not been similar celebrations for native Americans and blacks. I am suspicious of—yet not qualified to comment on—the claim that gays have been treated better than blacks. But I did have an immediate reaction to the foregoing sentiments about pride.

I agree that being proud of being gay makes no sense at all. . . unless the social order surrounding gays demeans, criticizes, makes jokes of, and mistreats gays. . . or did for so long that gays’ psychic wounds and anger can’t be expected to change quickly even if oppressors grow less oppressive.

I agree that being proud of being black makes no sense at all. . . unless the social order surrounding blacks demeans, criticizes, makes jokes of, and mistreats blacks. . . or did for so long that blacks’ psychic wounds and anger can’t be expected to change quickly even if oppressors grow less oppressive.

I agree that being proud of being atheist makes no sense at all. . . unless the social order surrounding atheists demeans, criticizes, makes jokes of, and mistreats atheists. . . or did for so long that atheists’ psychic wounds and anger can’t be expected to change quickly even if oppressors grow less oppressive.

Of course, that list goes on much longer depending on the time, the society, and the severity of current or former oppression. (Perhaps the word oppression sounds over-the-top to persons convinced of their benevolence. But it is a real and present phenomenon in which most of any society partake, not one confined to past ages, other cultures, and pogroms.) It seems to me that pride—even manufactured pride—is an important ingredient in an oppressed minority’s pulling itself up to the level of confidence and self-esteem that the non-oppressed inherit as an unearned gift. In such a process, it is inevitable that some unnecessary excess happens along the way. After all, several decades ago not all feminists were bra-burners, but it’s unlikely a women’s movement without a few bra-burners would have made as much progress. However, oppressors and former oppressors are hardly in a moral position to judge what constitutes “excess.”

Frankly, I find such audacity of a straight, white male of my vintage to be irksome and unreflective, seemingly more driven by uncharitable discomfort with the sociological “other” than with understanding and compassion. Come to think of it, had people like me been more understanding, empathetic, and accepting of the variety of humans and human experience, there’d be no problem to overcome to start with and, therefore, no reason for pride in a classification of humans no more relevant than left-handedness and brunette hair.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Gays and other LGBTQs, Life, living, and death | Leave a comment

The Big Ten (no, not university sports)

What tragedies, social dysfunctions, and evil trends would be prevented if only American schools, courts, city councils, and the public square would post the Ten Commandments . . . or so the faithful—and, curiously, the not so faithful as well—would have us understand. (I say “not so faithful,” because a substantial percentage of the unchurched always stands ready to give religion a pass, to grant it respect not given to other opinions.) True believers are wed to the misinformation that the Commandments are the basis for American law and public morality.

I’ve long found it curious that many Christians (most, in my experience), even the adamant ones, are only superficially familiar with the famous Decalogue. In fact, there’s entertainment value in most Christians’ reaction when asked which Ten Commandments they mean.”

Moses, according to the Bible story, destroyed the first stone tablets of the Big Ten in a fit of pique (Exodus 20) and had to bother God for a replacement (Exodus 34). The replacement set had ten decrees just as the first, but seven of them are totally different from the initial set. So which set is the Ten Commandments? I won’t hazard a guess, but Christian activists seem to be quite sure, for they always post the initial set (I think most don’t know about the second one, so it isn’t as if they’ve wracked their brains about it). So it appears they do so by rote rather than because of some carefully considered theological line of thought. Frankly, in my opinion, the replacement set is more colorful, especially #10 in which Israelites are instructed not to “boil a kid in its mother’s milk.” I’ve never heard of a compromise in which the two lists are simply melded together—after all, God supposedly decreed both lists—in which case we could be arguing over posting the Seventeen Commandments on the courthouse wall.

Only recently, thanks to American Atheist magazine, I was made aware of another interesting thought regarding the Ten Commandments: In the postings, why not include the punishments for violating each one? That seems a sensible thing to do; even traffic and smoking regulations are frequently accompanied by fine or imprisonment information. I wonder how Christians would feel about putting the whole shebang on the public walls. So, inspired by the engraving placed by American Atheists, Inc. on a monument in Starke, Florida, let me remind us all, in the moving language of the King James Bible, of why it is important to keep the Ten Commandments:

Commandment 1 (other gods before God): But thou shalt surely kill him . . . And thou shalt stone him with stones, that he die. Deuteronomy 13:9-10
Commandment 2 (making graven images): Cursed be the man that maketh any graven or molten image. [you’ll have to imagine what “cursed” implies] Deuteronomy 27:15
Commandment 3 (taking God’s name in vain): He shall surely be put to death, and all the congregation shall certainly stone him . . . when he blasphemeth the name of the Lord. Leviticus 24:16
Commandment 4 (Sabbath not kept holy): whosoever doeth any work in the sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death. Exodus 31:15
Commandment 5 (not honoring parents): For every one that curseth his father or his mother shall surely be put to death. [I’m not sure “curseth” covers all failure to honor] Leviticus 20:9
Commandment 6 (killing): And he that killeth any man shall surely be put to death. Leviticus 24:17
Commandment 7 (adultery): And the man that committeth adultery with another man’s wife . . . the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death. Leviticus 20:10
Commandment 8 (stealing): If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox . . . [there are further specific punishments for specific kinds of theft, most similar to this one] Exodus 22:1-6
Commandment 9 (false witness): false witness shall not be unpunished, and he that speaketh lies shall not escape. [unspecific, rather like “cursed” in #2] Proverbs 19:5
Commandment 10 (coveting): [I couldn’t find a punishment for this specifically, but there are strong warnings about breaking a commandment in general.]

You have to credit the Big Guy for not fooling around. Zeus might have been thin-skinned from time to time, but to my knowledge never set such beastly punishments in stone. You’d think the Hebrews had little use for the misdemeanor category. Samuel Butler’s 17th Century “Spare the rod and spoil the child” (perhaps inspired by a similar Biblical phrase) apparently reaches gargantuan proportions when raised to the Creator level.

Funny, but while thrusting the Big Ten at us, many Christians contend that the New Testament announced a more merciful—even loving—God, one apparently softened up by having a son (kids will do that to you). “God is love” is the new model. So, except elsewhere concerning gayness, we shouldn’t worry ourselves about the penalties part. There’s a new sheriff in town.

That would be truly welcome news except that the gentle Jesus—the same Jesus who we’re told preached the stirring Beatitude—introduced hell as an everlasting punishment not necessarily for being bad, mind you, but for simply not believing his unlikely story. (Faith in the Christian sense was not so much an issue in Hebrew circles or, for that matter, in other religions of antiquity. Actions were important, to be sure, but faith qua faith, not so much.) So as vindictive and mean-spirited as was the Old Testament God, the New Testament version was not actually better, despite apologists’ contention. I suppose we could research that by asking a representative sample whether they would be frightened more about (a) dying once or (b) burning forever.

Just as an aside, it’s a little confusing why Christians put so much emphasis on the Decalogue. After all, Rabbi Mosheh Maimonides calculated that there are 613 mitzvot (commandments), a number of them carrying the death penalty. Taking the punishments as a guide, it is not at all clear the Ten Commandments are more important than the other hundreds.

But back to my point about posting the Ten Commandments in schools, courts, public spaces and, for that matter, on visible tattoos. If they were posted in the courthouse, witnesses would no longer lie; if in schools, the little buggers wouldn’t cheat, bully, or stick Jane’s ponytail in the ink; if in the public square, pick-pockets would give wallets away; if in the city council, politicians would be honest. OK, I’m being whimsical. We don’t really want to see the ugly underside of Biblical rules from the Bronze Age. We just want to show how pious we are.

We certainly would not like to expose children to these horrors more than we already do, so a case can be made for continuing to let the punishments go unnoticed. But not so fast. An ultrafundamentalist sect called Dominionists is alive and well in the USA. (That’d be OK if they were just rabid fans of pre-1982 Canada.) These folks are theocrats on steroids. They want American legal punishments to duplicate the ruthlessness of the Old Testament. So I imagine posting the Big Ten/Seventeen Penalties alongside the Big Ten/Seventeen Commandments, just as American Atheists and now I suggest, would strike them as a capital idea. OMG, I’ve just frightened myself; I agree with them.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Church and state, Morality | Leave a comment

Retirement né childhood

And I thought my adjustment to retirement was brilliantly handled! One problem (or perhaps blessing, I can’t tell) is that for me retirement was a phased affair over a few years; there was no single cutoff point. As I increasingly had the benefit of more and more non-work time, I was delighted that obligations applied to fewer things and freedom presented a more leisurely pace than I’d ever known. Quite recently even my penchant for writing—the last part of my working life to wind down—found a non-business outlet in this blog.

If pride had anything to do with it, I’d be able to say I’ve been proud of the pleasing, carefully phased-in mastery of retirement. However, although I have complete faith it will continue to go well, I’ve recently become aware that there’s a new snag, one that calls for me to reach inside more deeply to make a further adjustment. And, wouldn’t you know it, this snag got started as a child.

My parents were hard-working, church-going, Protestant-ethic people. There was no room for laziness (I was repeatedly told) and precious little for other “foolishness.” Even my joy in reading was more likely to be found in encyclopedias and scientific magazines than in novels and short stories. After all, one was real and the other fiction. My parents’ limited reading was largely the Bible, so they were unequipped to impress upon me that good fiction teaches lessons that non-fiction cannot. I had not noticed it then, of course—and they were not predisposed to do so themselves—but the Bible’s greatest contribution is as a work of fiction, not fact.

But as to working for a living, I’m sure they equipped me well. The ever-present test was whether time spent was meaningful and productive. Don’t get me wrong on this; I’ve had a lot of fun in life, but it was work and achievement that “justified” the frivolity and good times. Meaningful. Productive.

So here I am at 75 enjoying the fruits of all those meaningful and productive years. And it really worked! Now, however, I’m faced with a new challenge: to eliminate or, at least, to severely cut back on what has worked so well for me. While my schedule is wonderfully loose, my insides apparently are not. The tests of meaningful and productive must be laid aside. I have thus far been able to convince myself they were already. But no; they have simply acquired camouflage, so I wouldn’t notice their continuing influence. Would you believe that if I don’t produce a new post for this blog after a week or so since the last one, I feel that old tug to get off my keister and get something done—and this blog was to be, and still will be, for pure fun and self-indulgence!

I doubt seriously that dropping the meaningful and productive pressure means I will retreat into daytime soaps or drop the “meaningful” reading that I truly enjoy. I loved recently reading John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty, but mired down in John Locke’s Second Treatise on Civil Government. The latter was too taxing due not to Locke’s thoughts but to having been written in the difficult style of a century earlier than On Liberty. So instead of soldiering on as once I would have felt duty-bound to do, I have triumphantly put The Second Treatise back on the shelf with appropriate apologies to Mr. Locke, though with no shame or sense of defeat. I’m aware that sentence sounds strange, but for me the indolence of shelving was a victory!

I imagine the best psychological tactic for me is to drop the M & P test entirely and just follow my nose. Other than the truly damaging, “if it feels good, do it” might be a philosophy that’s come into its own. After all, I am convinced the only meaning in life is that which we choose to put into it. Maybe I need to get with that program more consistently—not because it is meaningful, but because getting rid of a snag just feels good!

Posted in This blog, this blogger | Leave a comment

Bundling life’s decisions

Years ago I read a research psychologist, whose name I’ve lost, who maintained that we tend to buy into “decision packages,” meta-decisions that include answers to many further choices. (The term decision package is frequently used in zero based budgeting, a usage that bears little relation to my topic.) Decision packages are useful and ubiquitous. Once we make a decision of this comprehensive sort, a host of further decisions are made for us. What a time and energy saving phenomenon!

But bundling a myriad of choices into one package is more than merely a mental device for efficiency. Packaging decisions is essential to deal with the complexity of life. The mechanism operates at all levels, some as broad as philosophies of life, some as narrow as deciding how to interact with other drivers on the road.

In America as we meet another driver, our pre-accepted “right bias” guides specific single decisions. Without taking time for thought we steer to the right as we approach each other and, if meeting at an otherwise unsigned intersection, we allow the car on the right to proceed first. The right bias is a decision package which saves us from having to make individual decisions about each included element. (This particular package is enforced by law, but most decision packages are voluntary. In fact, “I always obey the law” is a decision package itself, as is “I obey the law except when there is a low probability of getting caught.”) These characteristics apply to beliefs as well as decisions. If I’m certain the JFK assassination was due to a vast conspiracy, my beliefs about the speed of firing a semi-automatic rifle as well as Oswald’s time in the USSR will be lined up to fit.

Large decision packages might include choosing a political party, a sports team, or a nation with which to identify. I myself created a decision package called Policy Governance®, an optimized job design for boards of directors. The framework is a conceptually coherent and complete system. So once it is chosen, the handling of all further decisions must conform to the framework, otherwise it’d be like loading a PC program into a Mac.

When biologists do their work, they bring into the task at hand precepts of post-Darwinian evolution. They don’t reargue each part of Darwinism as they seek to understand some minuscule phenomenon, just as Methodist congregations don’t reconsider theology with their choice of next Sunday’s hymns.

Fans of the Chicago Cubs or Manchester United are known to hold tightly to their rigidly fixed sports idolatry. They can be quite closed-minded in their refusal to entertain data contradicting their teams’ virtues. In the depth of their commitment, they can be as unchangeable as any Catholic, Sunni, or evangelical Protestant. But now that that I’ve brought up religion (surprise!), let me say a few words about religious decision packages.

Once one has adopted a religion, for most adherents the many tenets and rules don’t require further argument. They are simply part of the package. Because religion purports to answer many of the most vexing issues of existence and behavior, it is an unusually powerful decision package and, therefore, highly resistant to change. Even seriously inspecting foundation beliefs can be embarrassing.

To call any decision package into question, much less to abandon it, is to be inundated with all the subordinate questions it formerly answered for us. Understandably, we avoid that by resistance to change or to serious reconsideration of a package. No wonder people vehemently fight against not only changing their religions, but even closely questioning them with the emotional disinterest we can sometimes give life’s other packages. Psychologically, far too much is at stake.

The powerful grip we have on the religion we’ve chosen (or, more likely, inherited) may even exceed our grip on the powerful “my country, right or wrong” package. Please note that I am not making a judgment on any one of these decision packages, just noting them. My point is not that we should abandon the packages, but to recognize them and be able to subject them to inspection as honestly as we can. That prescription is easier to say than to follow, since any package that we hold so deeply and that so broadly affects how we see and conduct life–whether a religion or not–is extraordinarily hard to dislodge. If a vital package is threatened, we can muster severe vehemence in its defense. Undoubtedly, that’s the reason folk wisdom advises us to avoid discussions of religion and politics in a social gathering.

One less obvious reason for the tenacity of packages is that the very automaticity of their subordinate decisions can render the package itself less apparent. In other words, the parts can be more visible than the whole. This is similar to the effect of organizational policy that’s never been stated explicitly. Such unstated policies are not without effect, but the guidance and restrictions they impose are fraught with ambiguous interpretations. Perversely, sub-decisions, although they are affected by the larger inexplicit policy, can perforce be inconsistent and even contradictory among themselves. It is not uncommon that someone outside a given religion can see resulting inconsistencies and non-sequiturs to which the faithful are blind. Outside consultants peering into an organization can often see with the same advantage.

In musing about this phenomenon, one conclusion I’ve reached is that we all have more of these decision packages than we’ll ever be aware of. Although these packages are useful devices for living and not inherently bad, they’d serve us better if treated as temporary and open to challenge and reassessment. Too, the more explicit we can make our decision packages, the more they will be visible, enabling more open inspection and possible change. Oh, my; I almost forgot to say that we atheists, agnostics, deists, and other freethinkers have some pretty strong decision packages ourselves!

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Life, living, and death | Leave a comment

The meaning of life

What is the meaning of life?

This ubiquitous phrase poses a storied question. Of those to whom it is seriously put (as opposed to its comedic use), many embrace their quandary, while others are certain they know the answer. Variously, the meaning of life might be service to others, obedience to God, achieving inner peace, making a difference in the world, developing one’s talents, or maximizing pleasure. The supposed meaning may sometimes involve human action or obligation, sometimes not. But it is rarely presented as having human origin. That is, the meaning of life comes from outside those who live it, possibly from a god, from the universe, or simply from what seems to make sense.

However, like other inquiries that beg the question, this one assumes a condition or proposition that is not only unspoken, but normally unexamined. Its assumption—and the only condition under which the question is, ahem, a meaningful one—is that life, in fact, has intrinsic meaning.

Consider the intrinsic meaning life is assumed to have. It can be a static quality (e.g., pleasure, peace, honor), but is often accompanied by the supposition that life is “going somewhere,” headed for some goal, final outcome, or end-state (e.g., heaven, nirvana, dictatorship of the proletariat). Moreover, whether life’s meaning is a static state or an ultimate one, it is usually thought to be desirable (except perhaps for those who don’t deserve it, if the meaning involves such judgment). Unlike the physical nature of being consumed in a few billion years by an expanding sun (that’s an end-state, too), the assumed terminus of life’s meaning is normally expressed in spiritual or supernatural terms.

We evolved with an irresistible teleological urge in viewing the natural world. We like to think that everything has an intended purpose, a niche in the universe which it is intended to fill or toward which it is aimed. We talk to little children as full blown animists. But even as adults we frequently slip into thinking the purpose of floral scents is to attract bees, of clouds is to supply rain, of the sun to warm our earth; in an earlier age the purpose of plagues was to punish. Many think a personal tragedy is to teach us some moral lesson. So goes the teleological mindset. It may actually help understand man-made things, but when applied to natural phenomena, it can seduce us into outrageous suppositions.

In teleological thinking, one’s view is as if the future is relentlessly pulling phenomena “forward” toward their purpose, toward some imagined completion or, at least, toward the next step in a sequence. That bespeaks design or purpose outside the thing itself, a supposed backstory for natural phenomena. Left only to guess at these alleged purposes behind components of the natural world, our conjectures know no bounds. We become entangled in our teleology, producing one intertwined meaning after another, as if engaged like Ptolemy sketching complex epicycles, all to support a meaning thought to be written in the heavens.

All religions rest on meaning ascribed not to human agency, but to sources outside the natural world, outside us. Having thus ascribed meaning to an unquestioned source, we become unable to see that meaning comes from us, that we were the meaning makers, not the gods or universe onto which we projected our meanings. Like ancient animists, the trees whisper to us, the wolf’s bay warns us, and the heavens declare the glory of god.

Please notice that nothing in this line of thought stops or even discourages us from vesting in our natural world whatever meaning makes human life more fulfilled, pleasurable, or intelligent. It does imply that life means to each of us only what we make of it. Anthropogenic is not a bad word.

And human origin does not condemn that meaning either to emptiness or to tentativeness. We can choose to make meaning a great adventure of learning, challenge, warmth, love, harmony, and friendship. The universe has presented us with a blank page on which to write. In fact, we have already constructed such meaning into life. That is not a bad thing unless we mistake what we’ve created for a missive from the universe, independent from ourselves. We have meaning in life because we’ve created it, even though we’ve wrongly assigned credit to the supernatural.

There is no evidence that anything in the natural universe has any intrinsic meaning at all. Rain has no meaning; rain is. A sunset has no meaning; a sunset is. Death has no meaning; death is. Love has no meaning; love is. The full moon has no meaning; the full moon is. The universe has no meaning; the universe is. Things are, things happen, things start, things stop. Except for the meaning human beings vest in them, they have no meaning nor do they have need for meaning; they just are.

We can embrace our power to invest meaning, thoughtfully designing that meaning for human benefit. Or we can deny the power, continuing to employ it surreptitiously rather than thoughtfully, thereby not to optimal human benefit.

So what is the meaning of life? Except as each of us decides, there is no meaning apart from our choices.

Intrinsically, then, life has no meaning. Life simply is.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Life, living, and death, This blog, this blogger | Leave a comment

Mind the Ming

It’s like watching a two year old shatter your treasured Ming vase with no understanding of the great value destroyed. Two year olds we can forgive. With grown politicians, haughty in their piety, it’s a bit more difficult.

The current Tea Party-driven antics in the United States House of Representatives are distressing. I’m not referring to the RepubliTea’s points of view about Obamacare or the size of government. Don’t get me wrong, I have opinions about ensuring health insurance coverage and carefully conceived “right sizing” of government, but my biggest worry concerns degrading of the system, a meta phenomenon as destructive as it is myopic.

Our federal system was designed to enable the republic to be strong, though simultaneously limited. But the biggest weakness of the “we the people” hegemony is that “the people” are the final guarantors of system integrity. If we don’t demand and reward it, the system will degrade. Let me come at that another way. The Supreme Court has no power except that derived from the respect of the legislative and executive branches. When President Eisenhower sent troops to Little Rock High School, he was honoring the Supremes’ Constitutional decision. When President Roosevelt refrained from packing the Court, he was honoring Congress’s right to set the size of that bench (albeit, not happily). The obverse of “we the people” authority is “we the people” responsibility that the system operate or is amended as designed.

In other words, the social contract is either to play by the rules or to change the rules—the latter itself having to be done by the rules. (Failing that, the next step is rebellion.) One could convincingly argue that that incorporeal contract is more important than the Constitution itself. Thus it is that no political disagreement short of dissolving the Union is worth weakening or destroying the agreement to play by the rules. Elected officials are in office only by the grace of citizens who are, as I argue, the ultimate guarantors of compliance with those rules.

Yet we are human beings. As such, absent tyrannical control, at our best we are always on the edge of ungovernability. Short term aims trump long term risks and gains. Small-mindedness seems always more energized than thoughtfulness. A win by our political “team” (party) is worth destroying the game. Evangelical fervor, for all its ebullient cheerleading, is its own worst enemy. Borrowing from religion (the far right is highly correlated with fundamentalist Christianity), we are able to cast complex issues in terms of good versus evil. Compromise, though an integral part of democratic governance, is conciliation with evil.

A governmental system is an artificial contrivance, no matter how brilliantly conceived. Contrivance or not, it is forever vulnerable to entropy. That is to say, entropy is the natural state. Uninterrupted effort is necessary to just to maintain what we have so carefully constructed, as stated so well by the Red Queen. We in America are challenged not only to nurture the republic, but to revitalize it continually and, when needed, to improve it.

Small minds miss those points, for the partisan wins of the moment overshadow the larger concerns, especially when political differences are framed as struggle with the devil. We don’t elect political leaders on their intelligence nor on their integrity. We elect them on their ability to parrot back to us our political and other beliefs. And that brings me back to the current paralysis of the U. S. Congress. It’s not that there’s a shortage of legitimate political issues worth intense debate, and it’s not that conservatives are without sensible ideals and warnings. It is that destroying the very system (forget improving it, that is a vanishingly distant concern) that enables debate is a cheap and very dangerous counterfeit of governing.

As I write this post, the country is within sixty hours of failing to renew the federal debt limit (itself an unnecessary Congressional snare). Will it be settled by the bewitching hour? No one knows, though many Americans are stunned into thinking the Republican Party—embarrassed by Tea Party idiocy—cannot possibly allow America to default on its debts. Even I think by a narrow margin that the deadline will be met.

But what if it is? No harm, no foul? Hardly. What reinforcement has occurred for legislative blackmail? What damage has already been done to what was left of markets’ faith in Congressional ability to govern intelligently? What is the rest of the world to think of this irresponsible guardian of the world’s reserve currency? Massive amounts of governance waste will have occurred just to partially recover from this most recent self-imposed cliff-hanger. Much international faith has been lost. Our geopolitical capital has been further degraded. And that’s even if the debt ceiling deadline is met.

So even if the debt limit debacle is dodged, we will not have avoided the childish political proclivities that add more to our regrettable “new normal.” Our Ming vase is in grave danger.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Politics | Leave a comment

Good start, but no cigar

It is hard to watch the craziness of the current American political scene and not wonder whether the republic can outlast our widespread stupidity. (If you’ll allow me a bit of typical American bloviating, perhaps we are so “exceptional” as to be the only country able to drag the rest of the world down with us.) Attitudes toward science, paranoia rampant in subpopulations with gerrymandered political representation, and religious fervor do not engender pride in the human species. But wait, that is a narrow and time-specific viewpoint. History provides sufficient instances of American depths and heights to take at least a little comfort in the hopeful patriotism that counsels us to cheer up, we’ve come through mass psychoses before.

And it’s true, we have. The Alien and Sedition Act of 1798 almost taught us a lesson, but not quite, as we proceeded to demonstrate with the Sedition Act of 1918 and Joseph McCarthy after that. And I need not mention (though obviously I will) the religious fundamentalism that has swept the country more than once, including enough “Great Awakenings” to label generations by them (I’m a Billy Graham baby, my parents were of the Billy Sunday era).

But what moved me to this posting was not anything so myopic as concern about American current politics, American history of the past two centuries, or even the world over the most recent few millennia. No, as pessimism goes, that’s all child’s play. I despair of the inability of our species to devise societal interactions so that we aren’t forever stumbling over our own shoelaces (and even before we had shoelaces). I’m trying to take the hundred millennia view here.

Primate evolution conspired to produce an unparalleled brain, one good enough to come up with language, mathematics, atomic bombs, and TV reality shows. I admit being mightily impressed that a few of us figured out the heliocentric system, plate tectonics, interplanetary flight, magnetic resonance imaging, the Higgs Boson, and are hot on the trail of dark matter. Not to be outdone, religion-infected brains spawned virgin sacrifice, witch-burning, Thor’s bad thunder habit, transubstantiation, infantile Islamic cartoon upset, and the Tea Party.

Even without religion, getting us to act intelligently as whole societies with our individual opinions and peculiarities hanging out is, species-centrically speaking, downright embarrassing. We can’t even make sense as a handful on a board of directors, much less as a population across a whole political state and much, much less, across a whole world. The comedy of errors that led to World War I comes to mind, but listing all the familiar examples is unnecessary. On the bright side, we did manage to emerge intact from Mutually Assured Destruction, but that reprieve hardly constitutes a citation for excellence in interpersonal relationships writ large.

In day-to-day life, I’m about as optimistic as I can be without being irretrievably insufferable. But as genuine as this happy face is, my confidence in the human race to do intelligently much of anything outside technical realms and art is quite another matter. To say I’m gloomy would be to vastly overstate my optimism. It isn’t that I think everything’s going to hell in a hand basket by next week, at least no more than it already has, but that we human beings are so lacking in the intelligence and integrity departments that evolution will simply have to start all over again. We aren’t up to it.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Politics | Leave a comment

Science and society—separating the roles

I posted thoughts on the fallibility and self-correction of science on August 13, then on August 19 addressed the nonsense of non-scientists presuming to adjudicate scientific disagreements. This post concerns a further aspect of the interaction between science and nonscientists: public policy about science. But first, in the service of role distinction, permit me a brief detour into the philosophy of science, a rather esoteric field that logically precedes science itself.

Philosophy of science is an academic field that describes and delimits the special knowledge-gathering process we call science. Philosophers of science, engaged broadly with how we know anything (epistemology), concern themselves specifically with the characteristics of science that justify our giving it special status among ways of knowing. Their pursuit includes the demarcation that separates science and pseudo-science, how to consider probability versus “truth,” what distinguishes the unique rules of inquiry, and the special science meaning of theory. It is manifestation of their relevance that eminent biologist Richard Dawkins, in describing ambition about the integrity of his research, said that he “wanted to do a textbook Popperian study” (Karl Popper is perhaps the best known philosopher of science).

It is important to note that philosophers’ concerns view science from outside science itself or, in a manner of speaking, intellectually pave the way for science. Philosophers of science do not themselves have to be scientists, but they must be capable epistemologists, for philosophy of science stands apart from the doing of science in order to engage in the defining of science.

Musing about this field of study recently led me to thinking about public policy of science inasmuch as it relates to, but is removed from, science itself—just as distinct from science per se as is philosophy of science. It would address the public and governmental approach to and relationship with science.

Consider a few actions in the United States in the recent and not so recent past: (1) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was instructed not to study gun violence. (2) Federal funding for stem cell research was suspended except for limited cell cultures. (3) Federal budgets have long altered from year to year how much tax funding will be directed at specific scientific inquiries. (4) Research on syphilis treatments were conducted with minimal regard for very harmful effects. (5) Massive funding was brought to bear on producing nuclear fission bombs to end WW II. (6) Tobacco companies and fundamentalist churches gave more credence to a few outlier scientists than to the great majority of scientists working in evolutionary biology. (7) I chose to make a charitable research donation to fistula treatment versus microbiology of diabetes.
>
Not one of these choices was itself a scientific action and not one was a philosophy of science consideration. Each was a choice made by an individual, a group, or their representatives. It is the accumulated effect of such choices that comprise what I’m referring to as the broadly construed public policy of science. Regardless whether you or I agree with any one of these decisions, no one questions the right of the general public, in its cumulative effect, to make such judgments.
>
To be a bit more analytic, we can divide these choices into separable concerns such as these: (a) the extent to which we as a society give science-derived information and conclusions an authoritative niche in our understanding of reality, (b) the extent to which we apportion wealth to specific scientific research or science in general, (c) the way in which we deal with gaps between science and conflicting sources of knowing (e.g., ”revealed truth,” religious faith, patriotic attachment), and (d) the limits we impose on scientific inquiry, whether due to considerations of prudence, ethics, protection of beliefs, or simple distaste.
>
I propose that decisions made in these three arenas (philosophy, science, public policy) should be made exclusively by and within the relevant one of these three groups. Scientists are uniquely qualified to make research decisions and compose theories, unrivaled by philosophers or public. Philosophers are uniquely qualified to distinguish the epistemic role of science from other pursuits of knowledge (such as what separates science from pseudo-science), unrivaled by either scientists themselves or public.
>
All the foregoing line of thought brings me to the reason for this post: the public is qualified neither to evaluate the findings of science itself nor to define the nature of science, but it is the only grouping with the unique authority and legitimacy to make public policy decisions. In fact, not one of the three groups can both competently and justifiably do the others’ jobs.
>
Although I contend there should be minimal or no overlap of roles, there always will be overlaps of individuals. An individual scientist, for example, is also a member of the public and, in that role, is qualified to participate in discharging the public’s prerogatives. But scientists as scientists, other than as sources of information, should never be allowed to intrude on public decision-making.
>
Consequently, the public—particularly as represented by elected officials—cannot responsibly sidestep the charge of making public policy decisions. Public policy is flawed, indeed, when the public defaults to scientists a role that is not rightfully theirs. As a current example, scientists should find the facts and devise the best theories regarding global climate change with the rigor demanded by philosophers of science, but not dictate what the public should do about it. Whether the cost-benefit of one course of action or another is “best” and how to value risks are not questions of science, but of public policy.
>
This requires a public informed enough and wise enough to demand that available choices for public action pass both the philosophic and scientific tests. (“Creation science” doesn’t pass what is required to be science. The view of a few outlier scientists does not pass the “what does science say” test.) Flawed public policy will be the inevitable result when the very starting point for public consideration is of questionable integrity. With these two necessary assurances, the public job begins. The public must examine and debate its competing values with the commitment to accept and shoulder the responsibility incumbent on its role to boldly make the ensuing, difficult public policy decisions. I will leave for another time the problems with our current methods of conducting that debate and of assessing informed public opinion.
>
This philosophy-science-policy role specificity would deny the plea attributed to a U.S. Congressman that scientists should “tell us what to do” about anthropogenic climate change. It would deny to the Union of Concerned Scientists a role any more than that accorded to other general public groups (that is, while input is welcome, it is devoid of the special status of “scientific”). Citizens would be able to identify the political (in its derogatory sense) maneuvers of Congressional committees that bring together outlier scientists to shore up a political point of view, as if politicians are qualified to referee a dispute among scientists.
>
Why is so rigid a separation of roles and role assignments so important? It is because role confusion is so often an unrecognized source of dysfunction, even when the decisions themselves might be good ones. (I built an entire career on role clarity with respect to boards of directors and CEOs—an area of crippling role confusion.) Many problems in organizations that are commonly ascribed to personality differences or various inadequacies are due instead to unrecognized poor role differentiation.
>
In the American public sector, politicization of climate change and biological evolution is marked by the public’s playing a role it cannot carry out intelligently, while at the same time it is reluctant to confront the decisions that belong uniquely to it. (I am reminded of the misleadingly-named “social Darwinism” spread in the late 19th Century—nonscientists making pseudo-scientific applications of their misunderstood notions of Darwinism, simultaneously damaging humaneness and the public perception of biological science.) Such confounding of roles continues unabated in our current arguments by religious fundamentalists on what constitutes authoritative scientific inquiry and the meaning of scientific theories.
>
Evolution, climate change, abortion, healthcare coverage, infrastructure deterioration, gay parenting, and many other major issues are made more difficult and their resolution less rational by our slipshod treatment of role differentiation with regard to the potential gifts of science.
>
>
[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Science and society | Leave a comment

The supernatural: invisible, unknowable, indefensible

I had a friendly discussion recently with two Christians, one clearly a fundamentalist, one less so. The topic turned to the struggle of a clergyman trying to square the scientific discoveries of his time (late 19th Century) with his faith. I offered that religious faith calls for views to be held as if fact even though there be contradictory discoveries—at that time in geology and biology—with far more observable evidence.

One friend pointed out that Christianity and religious Judaism require acknowledgement of the supernatural. (He didn’t mention Islam and many other religions, but surely they weren’t excluded.) Consequently, he said, it is futile to argue religion with a person (me, in this case) who can only accept beliefs supported by science. Belief in the supernatural, he asserted, is a necessary intervening variable or, put another way, a “foundation belief” the absence of which renders further religious considerations useless. He was, of course, spot on.

Well, he was right except for the “only accept beliefs supported by science” part. We all believe in great numbers of things, relatively few of which have been “supported by science.” I believe my wife loves me, that a couple of cups at Mae’s Coffeehouse help me write more productively, that the golden rule contributes to a better life for everyone, and that the scientific method offers a more rational test of propositions about the natural universe than either ancient texts repeatedly translated and hand-copied or the emotional feelings of the faithful.

We all believe things not supported, i.e., “proven,” by science; daily life would be impossible otherwise. Yet I, like many people, would like to know if tougher tests about my beliefs would show them to be right with greater confidence. “Right” in this context means aligned with reality. But that reality with which to be aligned is itself a slippery concept, isn’t it? Since I would likely have already thought my beliefs were reality, where is the “answer book” against which I can give these beliefs an authoritative test? If there were an omniscient resource with which communication is possible, how would that resource grade my beliefs? That would solve the problem except it requires not only that there be such a resource, but that I distinguish it from all other possible, yet fake, resources. After all, accepting an available scorekeeper is a belief, too.

Multitudes believe there’s an afterlife in which we get all the answers. Comforting, perhaps. We begin as infants testing reality at a rapid pace. As we grow, our parents save us some trouble by inculcating facts and beliefs. That process goes on throughout life as authorities and culture feed us more of the answers. Occasionally we learn that many of the beliefs and purported facts have been quite wrong, no matter the seeming trustworthiness of their sources. That applies to whole civilizations as well. Not wanting to be similarly duped, subsequent generations search for better tests—those less likely to yield results that are later overturned. Among many other tests that have been found wanting are miracles even widely reported, internal feelings of assurance, and a dogma’s longevity. These proofs of truth have led to contradictory “truths” and the vehemence of their advocates has led occasionally to disasters (vehemence seems of greater utility where there is less factual backing).

The scientific method arose about four centuries ago, ushering in an approach to determining reality of the physical world far beyond previous approaches and kicking off massive discoveries that passed harsh tests of veridicality. (One modern observer has said that science exists to show us how stupid many of our suppositions are, whether about heart-healthy foods or planetary retrograde motion.) New learning is usually welcomed unless it addresses the protected territory of religious dogma. Questioning understanding of the natural world may at times have been painful, but the same level of inquiry about religion was (and in much of the worlds still is) blasphemy.

However, going back to my Christian friend’s comment, science deals with the natural world. It can neither prove nor disprove tenets of the supernatural world or even whether a supernatural exists. While we can often test some implications of supernaturalism in the physical world, the truth or falseness of beliefs about the supernatural escapes testing. For example, we can test whether intercessory prayer has its desired effects (it doesn’t). We can’t test whether a god heard our prayer.

So is there a Jehovah or Allah or, for that matter, Zeus or Thor? And if there is one or more of these, is the associated dogma real? How would one know? Could one version of the supernatural be true? We know they can’t all be, but how would we choose among them? The easy answer is that we don’t; our parents and culture chose for us…..their choices having been similarly made. Religions persist not due to reasoned choice, but to proximity. In other words, the continuation of religion is a massive instance of circular reasoning, even though a thoughtful religionist will swear her or his choice came from careful study. Other than in exceptional circumstances—largely when someone makes a total change of religion—they are lying to themselves.

My friend puts a lot of stock in faith, as if it is a virtue (though I imagine he doesn’t put as much stock in faiths he doesn’t agree with, like Hindu, Moslem, or animist). He isn’t alone. Voters in the U.S. seem to do so as well, judging by the efficacy of claiming in campaigns to be a “man of faith” or “woman of faith.” That faith-equals-good supposition occurs in the complete absence of any evidence that the faithful are more honest, intelligent, socially conscious, or strong of character than those devoid of religious faith. Since that renders the criterion a nonsensical one, the fact that it is so widely accepted reveals at least one of the major stupidities of our faith in faith.

Religion and its claims—not only of the supernatural but of very specific, miniscule characteristics of the supernatural (e.g., trinity, expiation of sin, concept of worship, salvation through blood, everlasting fire, evil of lust, angels dancing on the head of a pin; the list is inexhaustible)—build on that ludicrous foundation. And it is on this foundation of foam that religionists ask us (or in the case of previous Christendom and present Islam, demand) to base our brief lives!

Let me be clear. I am not saying there is no Allah, divine lists of “sins,” a Holy Spirit, or souls. At a technical level I’ve no idea; not one can be proven or disproven. At a practical level, these fantasies are in a class with Father Christmas, crystal power, and a thundering Thor; their likelihood ranks lower than my retiring a billionaire, sufficiently low to be considered nonexistent.

So if belief in the supernatural—invisible, unknowable, and indefensible—is the ticket into religion, I accept my friend’s judgment on the matter as incontrovertible. I’m out. But science isn’t the problem. Doctrinaire fantasy is.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Faith and reason, Science and society | Leave a comment

Beyond sui generis

A recent CNN internet op-ed by Rachel Held Evans (“Hey Atheists, let’s make a deal,” Sept. 14) criticized atheists for quoting “the most extreme, vitriolic voices within Christianity and proclaim[ing] that they are representative of the whole.” To be fair, she admitted that her fellow Christians do pretty much the same thing in order to “rail against the evils of atheism.” Evans’s plea is that “we resist the urge to use the latest celebrity [meaning highly visible atheist or religionist] gaffe as an excuse to paint one another with broad brushes.”

All in all, not a bad point, especially since she points out “it’s important for both believers and atheists to decry irresponsible views and hateful rhetoric, especially from within our own communities.” My interest was further piqued by her version of Rodney King’s plaintive appeal, “Why can’t we all just get along?”

I agree that an entire community of belief or disbelief should not be held responsible for its most bizarre members. I should not paint all Christians with the same brush because a few Christians say inane things. There are atheists whose statements embarrass me and whom I can’t support. I certainly don’t want to be grouped with Pol Pot or Joseph Stalin any more than Ms. Evans wants to be grouped with Pat Robertson or—I can only imagine—Cardinal Timothy Dolan.

On the other hand, while wacky positions voiced by Pat Robertson or Rick Santorum don’t represent all Christendom, they do in fact represent millions in the US alone. That makes their views fair game in criticizing at least part of Christianity. All views of Catholic prelates with regard to birth control and even abortion are not embraced by all Catholics, but to argue that they don’t represent a large part of Christianity falls flat. Please note that I am not making a case against all religious people. Certainly some Christians are more of good will and exemplary ethics than many atheists. In other words, on most counts religionists and atheists are mixed bags.

So a little self-examination is due on my part. My antipathy toward religion is no secret. (My reasons are in some cases intellectual—e.g., massive claims with no evidence—and in other cases pragmatic—e.g., impairment of reasoned thinking—but need not be argued here.) The antipathy, however, is against religions, not whole classes of religious persons. But since I regularly indict religion by citing the words of individual religious persons (see my August 31 posting, “Religions’ effects on non-religious issues”), is it possible I fall into the trap Ms. Evans wrote of?

I hope not. To the extent I transgress from time to time, I offer no defense. My intended target of attack is what I’m convinced is a flawed, pervasive, pampered (treated with kid gloves) method of thinking, not individuals caught up in it except as they are in a position to represent that method. I have positive relationships with many religious persons, quite a few of them family and close friends. (I hope you’ll pardon the “some of my best friends are……” sound of that sentence!) While they know my views, I feel sure none of them think I disrespect them or hold them in contempt due to their religiousness. They believe they can hate the sin, but love the sinner (inaccurately attributed to Jesus; St. Augustine and Gandhi are better sources), and seem instinctively to accept that I live by an atheist’s equivalent.

It’s as important to me to be fair about spokespersons’ representativeness as it is to expose the wackiness that so often arises out of religion. I am committed to the demonstration of what unreasonable, even bizarre, conclusions are possible when reason is diluted or warped by religious thinking. Yet I wish to be cognizant of the inaccuracy and unfairness that accompanies painting with too broad a brush.

Here is how I’ve tried to balance those concerns and to create criteria on which I’m willing to be judged: I claim the right to quote as a religious absurdity or stupidity (1) any statement by a person with significant religious following or religious “credentials” such that he or she can be considered a voice of some meaningful population of religious people, (2) when that statement is instigated by or based on religion (religious people say things out of any number of beliefs, not just religious ones; an opinion on global warming by a religious figure would not pass my test unless his or her statement is obviously based in religion rather than, say, an economics position), and (3) when that statement (in my honest opinion) would be found unwarranted or insufficiently reasoned by people not of his or her religious persuasion.

I consider those conditions to justify considering a single religious individual’s statement to be a fair demonstration of the unreasonable or detrimental thinking religion is capable of causing or accommodating. Religionists should feel free to exercise the same latitude. May we all struggle to find paint brushes’ golden mean.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in This blog, this blogger | Leave a comment

Unprofitable prophesies

Many Christians get a lot of mileage out of presumed prophesies. There’s no doubt that foretelling the future is a sure-fire seller. Associating successful prophesy with one’s religion is convincing proof not only of the supernatural, but evidence of support by a specific kind of supernatural entity and of a specific religious dogma. Messages from Mars to my tin hat can get very trivial.

There is no shortage of ancient beliefs and expectations about what the future would hold. They are part of the human drama and a rich source of allegories and figures of speech. Unfortunately, there’s also no shortage of the desire to find among them connections to modern events. Flying or flying machines were foretold in Ezekiel . . . or did the author merely reflect the human fantasy of flight? (You can imagine which meaning is proclaimed from a Baptist pulpit.) Or try the strange wording of Genesis 3 about the serpent and women swapping blows . . . maybe it has prophetic reference to the Christ overcoming the Devil . . . or not. Similarly, the future founding of the USA was foretold by Nostradamus in Century I:50 . . . or maybe it wasn’t. Having a few good prophesies is a religion’s claim to the universe’s favor.

Anyone can scrounge around in old writings and find passages that can be tortured into the desired prophesy. The trick consists of stretching the ancient meaning or by transferring its meaning from a previous situation to a modern one. Alternate interpretations that would not support the desired dogma are rarely held up as at least equally possible. Slavish adherence to discredited translations (think “virgin”) also occurs. Or how about Jesus’s picture of the “end times” afflicted by wars, earthquakes, and disobedient children? Isn’t that what is happening now (surely these are the end times; after all, it’s been two thousand years)? Of course, times like those have been the case for centuries if not millennia; Socrates complained about them before Jesus foretold them.

I am not saying there’s nothing to be gleaned from ancient texts including ancient superstitions. Indeed, I believe there is much to be learned from them. And although I have been using the word myth in only its derogatory meaning of “discredited explanation,” I don’t deny that there are myths that inform us with insights into the human condition, the experience of self or culture, and ethics. Truly, it would be foolish to contend that “modern” always means more accurate or wise.

The more a person’s reading and rearing are focused narrowly on religion and religious texts, the more that dogma-ratifying sense can be made of nonsense; consider madrasahs as an extreme example. And that mind-narrowing aspect of focus on the “sacred” goes beyond evaluation of reputed prophesies. For example, it helps in one’s search for truth to know that the miracles and doctrines in the Jesus story were heavily copied from stories circulated in other, earlier locations and cultures. It helps in the same way that knowing the evidence for a near-spherical earth puts Biblical reference to a flat earth in a different light. Evidence of the heliocentric system results in reference to the sun standing still to be seen differently. We might even develop a renewed appreciation of myth as myth, but the childlike acceptance of myth as literal reality would be in as much jeopardy as Santa Clause and the Easter bunny.

Knowledge, knowledge, accumulates. And as it does, old suppositions about reality fall like the fabled walls of Jericho. As Russell put it, the “god package” keeps shrinking. That is why religions stand ready to fight and oppress any new learning that endangers their stranglehold on the human intellect. Geology, evolution, art, music, dance, astronomy, philosophy, medicine, and other pursuits have been impeded at one point or another by religion’s reaching back in time to show why their long-standing, old interpretations of dogma and prophesy are more to be trusted than ”mere” human intellect.

My thesis is this: In searching for factual evidence about our world, ancient beliefs may occasionally be a source of ideas to be explored, but never proofs in themselves. Further, twisting them into interpretations based on what is to be proved, then using them as proof is chicanery, not verification. Ancient beliefs about the future are interesting, to be sure. But as a source of evidence, they supply little or nothing relevant to our never-ending, adventurous search to understand physical reality.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Religion's costs and foibles | Leave a comment

Usshering in creation

Scientists’ estimate for the age of the universe is 14 billion years if you don’t quibble over the odd hundred million. Despite impressively accumulated evidence for that figure, however, a 2012 Gallup survey found that 46% of Americans are sure that things got underway a tad later than that, to wit, 14 billion years later (six to ten millennia being less than a respectable rounding error in the awesomely longer span)! These Christian fundamentalists claim the relevant evidence, i.e., the Bible (sort of a single-source, no bid vendor for such information), proves the universe began 6,018 years ago on my next birthday. To help my faith along, Bibles in my youth authoritatively posted the approximate year on each page of text—4004BC being at the top of the page containing Genesis 1. It only occurred to me far later to wonder where that calculation came from.

Problem solved! A prominent Irish bishop named James Ussher figured it out meticulously then published his calculations in a 900+ page book in 1658. He showed the world that creation began in the evening of October 22 as that date would have been in the proleptic (cool word; worth looking up) Julian calendar. (Actually, Ussher said October 23, but see my note below.) Apparently the Julian calendar and the 19th Century international consensus on midnight as the beginning of a 24 hour day had yet to be included in God’s plan. Ussher did have competition, however. A guy named Lightfoot figured the year to be 3929BC and there were other calculators. But Ussher won out and, anyway, thank you very much, Ussher is getting the hero treatment here; write your own blog.

(I may be mistaken, but since the Hebrew concept is that a day begins at sundown, Ussher’s October 23 date would be October 22 to us if we were still Julians. I’ll skip over the obvious issue of Pope Gregory’s calendar. It was confusing enough to figure how Russia’s October Revolution happened in November. Someone even more obsessive than I can worry about the difference.)

The short title of Ussher’s book is The Annals of the World. (Surely you don’t want to know the full title; but if you must be fussy about it, here it is: The Annals of the World Deduced from the Origin of Time, and Continued to the Beginning of the Emperour Vespasian’s Reign and the Total Destruction and Abolition of the Temple and Common-wealth of the Jews. Sorry you asked?) In the Library of Congress last month I held that precious 355 year-old tome in my hands with near-religious reverence as any red-blooded bibliophile would do.

At any rate, we are left to rely not only on Ussher’s having done his sums well, but on a bronze-age account of unknown provenance that later, in a burst of creative titling, was named “Genesis.” (Authorship by the vaunted Moses or, for that matter, any single author appears to be a myth.) This sort of “evidence” is too weak to get a jaywalking fine. But it’s considered iron-clad by the pious folks called “young earthers” (to distinguish them from more liberal literalists who figure literalism shouldn’t be so, well, literal). I don’t think much of young earthers’ intellect, but I have to admire their sticking to principle.

My childlike wonder in having the good bishop’s words in my hands did not inspire me to check his math; I was too suffused with awe in the presence of antiquity. I was happy enough to read for myself the origin of the number so confidently announced in my childhood Bible. Anything else would have seemed in bad taste.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Religion's costs and foibles | Leave a comment

Religions’ effects on non-religious issues

The signature section of my personal emails since late 2011 carries a brief quote labeled “Bimonthly Religious Idiocy.” (OK, it’s a bit nerdy, but you have to have some fun with this serious stuff.) It replaced an earlier practice in which I would quote one of the many Biblical passages that describe some horrid behavior of the Hebrew’s God (adopted by Christians and Muslims). These are stories that most Christians, so fond of their “god of love,” find convenient to ignore. I discontinued those quotes after a frequent correspondent complained that they were tiresomely depressing.

Not to be deterred, I simply attacked in a different direction (my thanks to Gen. O. P. Smith, 1950). Having noticed for years that religion can make mush out otherwise intelligent brains, I decided to post quotes from religionists’ own mouths and pens, quotes that demonstrate how the religious style of thinking can result in idiotic conclusions and positions. This is not about attacking intellectually wobbly dogma itself, but the results of that dogma or way of thinking as it shows up in other arenas such as public policy and evaluation or misuse of science. Originally I labeled these quotes Monthly Religious Idiocy. Soon, however, the abundance of material led me to retitle it as Bimonthly Religious Idiocy. I established a few restrictions on quotes I would use, to wit:

-Nothing from “sacred” texts—I’m not demeaning religious beliefs per se in this exercise.
-No person-on-the-street sources—I only quote persons in some leadership position; crazies can discredit any group or belief. I’ve made a few exceptions when a quote clearly represented a large group.
-No religion exempted—Christianity gets more than its fair share, but Islam, Judaism, and others are used as well.
-Ancient sources not exempted—They’d be included, though not as much as contemporary voices.
-No lengthy quotes—These are brief idiocies that can stand alone, not essays.

Below are a few examples from the forty quotes that have been used so far (I keep the references, but for brevity’s sake, do not show them). I have a stockpile of as-yet unused quotes with more popping up regularly:

“[American needs a president who will] “reject the morally and scientifically bankrupt theory of evolution.” Bryan Fischer, American Family Association, addressing the 2011 Values Voter Summit, Washington, DC.

“Columbine, remember that? They were believers in evolution. That’s evidence right there.” NH State Rep. Jerry Bergevin, R-Manchester. Concord Monitor, December 29, 2011.

“[Planned Parenthood] is teaching kids to fornicate, teaching people to have adultery, every kind of bestiality, homosexuality, lesbianism – everything that the Bible condemns. Rev. Pat Robertson.

“I don’t know that atheists should be considered as citizens, nor should they be considered patriots.” President George H. W. Bush, August 27, 1987.

“I believe the earth is approximately 6,000 years old.” 55% of 1000 pastors randomly chosen from all Protestant churches by LifeWay Research (of the Southern Baptist Convention), 2012.

“[Contraception is] not what the God of nature and grace, in his Divine wisdom, ordained marriage, to be; but the lustful indulgence or man and woman . . . Religion shudders at the wild orgy of atheism and immorality the situation forebodes.” Archbishop Patrick Hayes 1925.

“The dangers of carbon dioxide? Tell that to a plant, how dangerous carbon dioxide is.” Former U.S. Senator and presidential candidate Rick Santorum, March 2012.

“Moral rapist.” Monsignor Francis W. Carney of Cleveland, referring to John Rock, M.D., due to his co-invention of “the pill” for contraception, ca. 1960.

“We want to give [public school] students good sound scientific reasons to support their faith in the seven-day creation and the young Earth.” Joseph Kennedy, force behind Alabama state senator Blane Galliher’s introduction of HB 133, 2012.

“Contraception is Corruption—[says the Catholic] Church.” Story by Evelyn Macairan. P 1. The Philippines Star, Aug 5, 2012.

“We don’t have to protect the environment; the Second Coming is at hand.” James Watt, U. S. Secretary of the Interior, 1981-1983.

“Calamities are the result of people’s deeds . . . . women who dress inappropriately . . . cause youths to go astray, taint their chastity, and incite extramarital sex in society, which increases earthquakes.” Iranian Ayatollah Kazem Seddiqi, April 2010.

“The following colors must be avoided: Red. Nude. Orange, yellow or green, in bright shades. Gold, silver or shining cloth.” Rabbi Shlomo Aviner, Jerusalem, speaking of a dress code for women and girls. Jan 6, 2013.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Politics, Religion's costs and foibles | Leave a comment

Our debt to Roger Williams

If you’ve ever held an old and rare book in your hands, you know the thrill I enjoyed for a few hours on August 23. I’m writing this in the Rare Books reading room in the Library of Congress in Washington. The book is a 1774 collection of royal charters granted to several English colonies in America, printed in London. The purpose of my visit here was to read or scan these charters, looking for references to guarantees of religious freedom.

Having been impressed by the pioneering work of Roger Williams in separating government from religion, I wanted to read these charters “in person.” Students of early American history know that Williams had to leave Massachusetts due to the stringent, even cruel, religiosity in control there—almost as much entanglement of pulpit and policy as that promoted today by Islam. Williams was instrumental in getting a charter from King Charles II with what I believe to be the first instance of guaranteed religious liberty in the Western world, even more (as I understand it) than in the Netherlands.

My main focus was on what the Rhode Island charter actually said, then how it compared to other colonial charters. The ones collected in The Charters of the British Colonies in America were Massachusetts, Connecticut, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Georgia, and of course Rhode Island. I don’t pretend to be as careful (read: obsessive) a researcher as I once was, so I guarantee no perfection, but here is what I found.

The charters for Virginia, Maryland, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania did not contain protections for religious liberty. The Massachusetts charter said “there shall be a liberty of conscience allowed in the worship of God to all Christians (except papists).” The Georgia charter said, similarly, “for ever hereafter there shall be a liberty of conscience allowed in the worship of God . . . all such persons (except papists) shall have a free exercise of their religion.” The animosity toward Catholics that shows in those charters was not short lived. As late as 1844 there were riots in and around Philadelphia between Catholics and Protestants, but acrimony did not die out for decades afterward.

Alone among these American colonies, then, (and, in fact, the rest of the world) due chiefly to the influence of Williams, the Rhode Island charter guaranteed that “no person within the said colony, at any time hereafter, shall be in any-wise molested, punished, disquieted, or called in question, for any differences in opinion in matters of religion . . . . and at all times hereafter, freely and fully have and enjoy his and their own judgments and consciences, in matters of religious concernments.” There was no mention of exempting the hated papists nor even the unsettling Quakers from that protection.

The thought leaders in founding the United States were influenced by Williams as well as philosophers Locke, Mill, and Rousseau. It is unfortunate that so many Americans are ignorant of these wise men. Despite the revisionist distortions by current Christian fundamentalists, there is a direct philosophical line from these pioneers of thought to the ground-breaking godless Constitution that in 1788 created the United States of America.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in History | Leave a comment

Scientists (that’s plural!) define science

My most recent post acknowledged that there is always disagreement among scientists, yet I argued that findings of science are our best bet for what is natural reality in this awesome, bewildering universe. This post addresses what might seem discrepant in these contentions.

A couple of caveats: First, scientists tend to agree more the longer a field of inquiry exists. From Copernicus’s church-challenging, highly impolitic ideas about heliocentrism to Wegener’s theory of drifting lithosphere plates—forgive my recycling historical instances previously used—the percentage of scientific agreement steadily increases from almost nothing to unanimity. (Remembet that Einstein initially rejected aspects of quantum mechanics and the notion of an expanding universe.) Second, at any one time scientists tend to agree about a theory’s broader features more than its finer points. For example, almost all biological scientists accept post Darwinian evolution, yet Dawkins and Gould, prominent evolutionary biologists, disagreed vociferously about the role of punctuated equilibrium within evolution. Most disagreements among scientists the general public never hears of . . . with the notable exceptions below.

Disagreements are to be expected in the progress of science. Unlike religion which has a tendency toward calcification (when you have the Truth, what’s to change?) as well as mistreatment of those who hold new ideas, science runs a jagged path as it tries to get ever closer to truth. It rarely ex-communicates blasphemers and I can’t remember the last time scientists burned a wild card colleague at the stake.

As nonscientists look on, though, how are we to make our way among the disagreements causing theorists and experimentalists to fight out opposing views in scientific journals? We don’t have the expertise to judge the varying contentions. We don’t even have the ability to judge expertise itself!

Not only are nonscientists in this predicament, scientists in a non-relevant field are as well. Expertise in astronomy, for example, imparts no expertise in biology. (Newton, aside from brilliance in physics and mathematics, was a spiritualist and alchemist.) Nor does expertise in science imply expertise in art, literature, philosophy, or uncountable other pursuits. In fact, expertise in science doesn’t even assure expertise in the philosophy of science, a related but different field. Additionally, we must be aware that there are persons who competently work in pursuits that are regularly called science, but are not trained for the experimental and analytical tasks of building and testing theories or hypotheses (the discipline that gives science its special epistemic status). Most physicians and high school science teachers, for example, fit that description. Hence, it is a mistake to assume an even highly qualified doctor or rocketry engineer is therefore a scientist in this sense. But let’s return to how we can size up disagreements among those whose truth-seeking actually does employ the scientific method.

Normally, we are blissfully ignorant about theories struggling to dominate in the scientific mission. The fact is, we don’t pay attention unless a theory in ascendance steps on our theological, political, or commercial toes. So when evolution by natural selection, anthropogenic climate change, and tobacco’s health effects get our attention, suddenly we all have an opinion and even get into public debate on one side or another! Remember now, I don’t mean opinions about what we can do to best use evolving scientific findings; I mean opinions about the bothersome facts themselves.

We can be so frightened or offended by parts of the scientific debate that our lack of expertise is no barrier to our taking up arms (figuratively, one hopes) in the battle. But in an attempt to avoid looking like complete ignoramuses, we seek out scientist outliers (one or more is always available) who agree with our uninformed view and disagree with most other scientists. So it is that cigarette companies could find scientists who claimed tobacco posed no threat to health. Current “intelligent design” (ID) proponents can find scientists who refute evolution. In the case of climate change, experts were found first to claim it isn’t happening at all, then ones who could say even if it is, the human role is negligible.

In other words, the normal way in which science advances—which virtually necessitates outliers, at least for awhile—presents a juicy temptation ideologues can seize upon to support what they choose to believe. So seize they do, shouting their pseudo-evidence from the rooftops. The general public—distracted by Facebook, Dancing with the Stars, and a pennant race—will likely be convinced not by the evidence anyway, but by the repetition, clamor, and PR budget of zealots.

Happily, the tobacco issue is over. Companies that employed outlier scientists to dress their commercial interests in respectability lost, much to the benefit of the public. Now the liveliest public issues are evolution and climate change. For religious and political reasons, those who reject scientific consensus on both seek out scientific outliers and present them as spokespersons for science. Thus a minority view has been elevated to equal status with the near-unanimity of biological and meteorological scientists. In their broad aspects at any rate, significance of human effects on climate change and post Darwinian evolution are settled science. Thus, driven by ideology rather than discovery, “deniers” cloak their outlier case in feigned scientific legitimacy.

Please don’t get me wrong about scientific outliers. I am not saying outlier scientists are evil, misinformed (how would I know?), or of questionable integrity. I am not even saying they are wrong. I am saying that when nonscientists single out an outlier (such as Behe with respect to evolution) to represent science, they thereby cast the vast majority of scientists as misled or conspiratorial. It is honorable to be an honest outlier; the future might even prove today’s outliers right. It is dishonorable to build a case for outliers based on nothing but whether we disagree with those who offend our ideologies.

In the Atlanta area a few years ago a member of the Cobb County school board said there were “some parts of the theory of evolution I disagree with.” (She also pointed out that the tenets of evolution are “only a theory”—a statement too ignorant to deserve space even in an amateur’s blog.) One wonders how she was able to select pieces of a coherent theory to disagree with inasmuch as she had no biological or even general science background. The only way to do that was to be guided by her religion (or, worse, by her constituents’ religions). I suppose it goes without saying that religious views don’t have as strict a test to pass as scientific ones.

It’s no revelation, of course, that we have a disturbing tendency to accept scientific findings we like and reject ones we don’t. We can twist ourselves into pretzels to latch onto any scientist who’ll help our biases rest comfortably unchallenged. We do so at the expense of the kind of silliness—and foolishness, often improbity—exhibited by that school board member.

It is foolish for nonscientists to think they can adjudicate between groups of scientists on scientific topics. Consider this parallel: If 95% of equally qualified physicians recommend action “A” for my sick child and 5% recommend action “B,” it would as unwise to go with the 5%, but it would also be a waste of time to have opposing physicians debate the matter before me. (As to scientists actually expert in biological and meteorological science, those figures are not out of the ballpark.) However, when it comes to threatening ingrained beliefs, facts and expertise seem not to stand a chance.

So, a summary: Individual scientists can do sloppy or self-interested work; they are human. A minority of scientists’ views do not constitute “what science says.” Even then, majority scientific viewpoints can be wrong. Given time, wrong and incomplete scientific consensus are self-correcting. Science makes no claim to absolute truth, but does claim incremental approaches toward truth. “Theory” means not a guess, but a creative conceptualization of the unseen pattern behind observable facts that further testing has not yet falsified. Consequently, the scientific method provides the most trustworthy description of the natural world. The majority scientific opinion at any one time provides the most prudent assumption for public and political decisions regardless of whether they support or challenge cherished beliefs.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Science and society | Leave a comment

Science and scientists, warts and all

Science is a human enterprise, so therefore makes mistakes, confounds beliefs with fact-finding, and gets stuck on theories beyond their sell-by dates. But the way I see it, science reflects the corrupt, mendacious, and stubborn sides of humanness less than all other ways of understanding the natural world. It isn’t perfect because people aren’t perfect, but it’s the best tool we have. You want examples? Corrupt: The Stalin-ingratiating claims of Soviet biologist Lysenko that acquired characteristics are inherited. Mendacious: The East Sussex Piltdown Man scandal in which contrived “evidence” wasn’t refuted for four decades. Stubborn: Mocking resistance for five decades to Wegener’s 1912 theory of plate tectonics.

One could point out that these and similar travesties were not science gone awry so much as the rules of science ignored or abandoned. I think that is true, but I’m aware that I’ve criticized those who give religion a pass about religiously motivated horrors because of their being “only in the name of religion.” Whether I’m off the hook on that score or not, the “scientific method” is quite strict and most (all?) of scientists’ misconduct consists of violating those rules. Still, science is self-correcting even when scientists go awry. Scientific commitment, for example, outlasted the Soviet triumph of ideology over politically inspired contentions; science itself discovered and corrected the Piltdown hoax; plate tectonics finally became settled lithosphere science.

Still, science is a human endeavor and scientists at a given time cannot be expected all to agree with each other. The disagreement is usually slight, but never absent. That means that the rest of us have little choice but to regard what most scientists say as, in effect, “what science says.” After all, on what informed basis are we going to argue with either the mainstream or the outliers? (We do anyway, of course, but addressing that will wait for a later posting.)

Let me put aside nuclear bombs, the Eugenics disgrace, ICBMs, Zyklon-B and Galileo’s method to calculate cannon ball trajectories. Those are not what science gave us; they are what political choice and ideology gave us, albeit using knowledge science provided. Science in itself has never been the enemy even when revealing our unflattering biological origins. It simply describes reality as best it can, and we can take it or leave it. But even if we decide to ignore it, hate it, or suppress it, science goes on about its business muttering confidently to itself, as Galileo reputedly did about the earth after publicly recanting heliocentrism, “yet it still moves.”

New truth, to say the least, is not always enthusiastically received. That is particularly so when it both calls into question existing beliefs and arrives without scientific unanimity. In an upcoming post I want to share further thoughts about social behavior when science and ideology collide.

[Comments on, challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Science and society | Leave a comment

Word, yes, but of God?

I grew up believing the Bible to be the inerrant Word (that’s an obligatory capitalization) of God. My parents, sisters, and all our next-step-removed relatives believed it and almost all still do. It’s enough to discredit any memory of being a bright child that I didn’t discard this silliness until after age 18. However, whatever intrusion of reason occurred to me then has eluded 40%-90% (depending on the definition of inerrancy) of the American population to this day.

Belief in Biblical inerrancy demonstrates the power of religious dogma to overcome intelligence and reason. The only way to find the Bible inerrant is to have agreed going in that dogma will prevail no matter what. This agreement-to-agree trumps even the most minimal analytical judgment. As an atheist who nonetheless finds Christian history interesting, I’ve usually found that I know more than Christians about the fights among early pre-Christian sects, the spotty process of evolving a canon, the many sources of mistranslation and outright falsification, and the frankly political process involved in deciding just what Christianity would mean and what written record would be called the “Word of God.”

The first relatively authoritative suggestion about which 27 “books” out of considerably more would constitute the canon did not come about until three centuries after the alleged Jesus’s death, taking to even later to be generally accepted. (My favorite exemplary reasoning was Bishop Irenaeus’s justification for including four “gospels” when there were more available. He argued that four is the appropriate number because there are four corners of the earth and four winds of heaven, therefore . . . well, you get his point.) Such sterling reason marks the hodge-podge of inconsistencies and contradictions about and throughout the Bible despite its perfect consistency being regularly touted by fundamentalists.

Liberal Christian groups know that to prevent the Good Book from being a laughing stock, much of it must be read figuratively. Understandably, they disagree about which parts are figurative and which are literal, leaving us with a Cafeteria Word of God. At least Bible literalists avoid that problem by considering the whole thing to be literal. Well, they do until you notice that they, too, cherry pick which passages are not literal at all. It’s safe to say that some kind of mental disability is required for someone to be a no-exceptions true literalist. I’ll graciously assume that literalists only mean the Bible is sort of totally true.

On one hand, conscientious literalists must somehow deal with even slight variations in text among the many versions not only in English, but also in the growing number of other languages. (In my youth, we were content to think that if the King James Version of 1611 was good enough for Jesus, it was good enough for us.) On the other hand, liberal Christians must confront the troublesome fact that once figurativeness gets its nose under the tent, all bets are off on the complexion of the entire Christian enterprise.

One can’t expect a madrasa graduate to know much about the philosophies of Mill, Locke, or Rousseau. Similarly, you can’t expect Christians to know that a great deal of the Jesus story, including miracles, is comprised of warmed over folk tales from previous times in other civilizations. Yep, that’s right; much of what became essential pillars of Christians’ faith (virgin birth, resurrection, and so forth) was neither original nor unique to Christianity.

Maybe the divinely inspired authors were rushed for time and had to grab material where they could. After all, there was much negotiation and intimidation to be done in bringing together (or silencing) a plethora of authors, scribes, and zealots with opposing inspiration. It was a tough task and took time.

In their defense, it’s hard to fault early believers for a little sloppiness in their rush. There was no time to waste. As it was, in order for what is now called the New Testament to come into being took almost half a millennium following the days of the alleged Jesus. That’s close to 25% of the time between Jesus’s birth and mine in which there was no agreed upon Christian “Word of God.”

[Comments on , challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Faith and reason, Religion's costs and foibles, This blog, this blogger | Leave a comment

Atheism born in tragedy and in thought

I read recently of a man quoted as having said he lost his faith in God due to the tragic, accidental loss of his wife and child. “How can there be a loving god,” he questioned, in a tone reeking with mixed anger and dejection. Such loss of belief isn’t uncommon. Out of outraged god-denunciation a new atheist is born, a temporary state for some, permanent for others. I am distressed that the terrible effects of this man’s personal disaster are compounded at that time by his loss of a comforting faith. Further, it saddens me to hear of atheism brought about in so painful and reactive a way. Personal loss-however tragic-is no reason for either atheism or theism.

Atheism is a state of mind unconvinced by arguments for supernaturalism. Atheism is not a declaration of war against the cosmos. It is not even anti-god.. (I’m aware that many atheists confidently declare there to be no god(s), but the word atheism simply means unconvinced, the absence of belief. Virtually all theists are atheists with respect to other religions’ concepts of god. Christians, for example, are quick to deny the existence of Hindu gods. This kind of denial is like adults finding that evidence for Santa Clause is so lacking that we feel comfortable in denying Mr. Clause’s existence, even though obviously we have no proof of non-existence.) At any rate, atheism, though natural to begin with (we are all born atheists), often becomes a reasoned, that is to say cognitive, choice in a world awash in religion.

Thought-generated atheism, born in examination and study, is likely not subject to a problem that stealthily lies in wait for tragedy-generated atheism. For them there is a hidden hook. It is that catch I want to discuss and, for lack of a better term, I’ll call the hook preparatory conditions. Part of Christian indoctrination is that we are miserable sinners without a savior, all in need of supernatural protection against fearsome forces including an Antigod, and without a source of either hope or moral certainty.

These depictions of abject vulnerability comprise the religious preparatory conditions, a more-or-less pre-dogma ideation conveyed in early childhood before reason development has an even chance. These beliefs become virtually hardwired, so tightly instilled into our youthful framing of reality that we thenceforth experience them to be as obviously true as that dropping a toy means it falls down instead of up. The view of ourselves as weak, ignorant babes in the wilderness sets us up for religion’s comforting temptation, for we learn that the wretchedness of our condition overwhelms our human ability.

Religion is ready with answers and solutions. In our impressionable youth, we are too young to apply intellectual tests to these religious contentions, tests such as “extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence” (popularized though not first stated by Carl Sagan). Any proposition (e.g., that God exists, that He is good, that we need Him) thus inculcated will seem as we grow up to be true without question, so obvious as to need no verification. There are individual differences, of course, but normally a whole complex of dogma is absorbed by each one of us, becoming beliefs that must be true because they feel so true. In effect, truth comes to be emotionally rather than rationally verified, that is, truth confirmed in the heart. To cement its feigned legitimacy into place, religious rhetoric transforms its faith-based “truth” into-let me say it reverently-Truth.

My point here is that we’ve not only absorbed the dogma of religion, but the religion-declared preparatory conditions: the horrid state of humanity phrased in such a way that makes religion the obvious solution. What we absorb is not just that there is a God who loves us and provides a path to our salvation, but that we have a need for a god who loves us and that we need salvation from something. Hence, we grow up convinced that life without God is fraught with helplessness without relief. That proposition is reminiscent of a syllogistic error in which the conclusion is built into the premise: Even though these despairing, needy human states are themselves inventions of religion, it is religion that seductively presents itself as the remedy for them!

Now, let’s go back to atheism as a reaction to tragedy. Framing of the human condition-those preparatory conditions so powerfully instilled-makes it emotionally crushing for anything, including trauma, to disable faith in religion’s solutions to those conditions (e.g., a loving God, salvation). While God-denial rips away the comfort and salvation of the solution, it is apt to leave undisturbed belief in the preparatory conditions that made religious solutions necessary. “How could a loving God let my baby suffer? I’m wretched, undeserving, and weak, and in need for what that God can save me from, but now can’t trust him to provide it. My life has become empty, unsupported, and miserable.”

And so out of deep disillusionment an atheist is born-but for very poor reasons-not thoughtful consideration, but grave disappointment. Due, though, to the preparatory indoctrination of spiritual poverty that still lives on, the new atheist may be forever haunted. He or she has “killed God,” but not belief in the fabricated need for God. So needless a despair! God will have disappeared, but the metastatic supports that necessitated that phantasm are still in place. God may have been rejected, but the preparatory beliefs about our condition remain unexamined. Newly acquired atheism under these conditions can cause depression, hopelessness, and anger. If, however, the new atheist completes the process-albeit begun by tragedy-by questioning and expelling the stealthy supporting assumptions, there will be reasons not to feel spiritual loss, but to experience freedom and self-sufficiency (mindsets that, for obvious reasons, religion frequently warns against!). To stretch a point, the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil will have proven sweet, for not only can the punishing God not be found, he, she, or it is not even needed.

[Comments on , challenges to, or requests about this or any other posting can be sent to johnjustthinking@bmi.net.]

Posted in Atheism and other freethought, Faith and reason | Leave a comment

Public education: Using the bully(ing) pulpit

Most Christians don’t mean to bully with their religion nor do they think of themselves as bullies. After all, they’ve been taught to believe that their religion is gentle and loving, the very model of “good will toward men.” On a person-to-person basis, most are commendably just that. However, in this post I’m focusing on group bullying inspired by or excused by religion.

Christians understand that Islam, as practiced in a frightening proportion of the world, does a lot of bullying—aggressively and violently. Christians have a similar history. But enlightenment in Europe, then America opposed and overcame much of Christians’ horrid, immoral behavior. But violent, dictatorial Christianity didn’t go down without a fight. We are immeasurably indebted to heretics willing for centuries to endure Christian atrocities. “Oh, but those weren’t real Christians,” modern apologists will say. No time to address that dodge here, but I refer you to an earlier post titled “Only in the name
of
religion.”

Happily, though, Christian bullying now rarely reaches the physical abuse level. But it still exists. Separation of church (synagogue, mosque, coven,
etc.) and state in America—arguably our founders’ greatest gift to civilization—moved religion off to the side of civic affairs and the power of the state, a merciful repositioning that benefitted the integrity of both religion and civil government. True believers’ drive to control others, however, didn’t go away; they turned to misappropriating civil power whenever possible to support their evangelism. I am not speaking in the abstract; I mean it is going on today all over the country.

Christians have always been quite certain how everyone should believe and act. After all, their God was known to destroy a whole city due to a few disbelievers. I can understand the need to be religious control freaks with a God like that. So unsatisfied with attending just to their own salvation, they’ve been their God’s plenipotentiaries in a raft of civic issues: Ten Commandments in the courthouse, alcohol sales on Sunday, tax breaks for pastors’ housing, pledges to country attached to pledging to their God, rules of marriage and reproduction, treating church contributions as charity, the “Christian nation” myth, sectarian prayer in city councils, and a long list of anti-democratic issues, including actions that have effects tantamount to blasphemy laws.

The bullying aspect of these issues is as invisible to well-meaning Christians as water is to fish. Instances of governmental religious bullying—or rather Christian bullying using government resources—are legion. Christians have much to be ashamed about, though almost all either take no notice of their bullying or fail to see what’s wrong with it. It is amazing that our founders were sufficiently clear-sighted to bequeath us a godless Constitution. Christians of various stripes have done their best to undo that work for over two centuries.

Of the countless instances of this shameful bullying, I’d like to tell here about a single example. One of America’s largest school systems, Orange County Public Schools (Orlando, Florida) this year allowed Bible distribution on May 2 (the Christian “National Day of Prayer” declared by President
Obama) to high school students. The Freedom from Religion Foundation submitted free-thought literature with which the OCPS could augment the one-sided choices available to students. The OCPS response was to disallow most of the non-Christian material, though it had no problem allowing all the Christian literature, even invitations to worship at the Orlando Wesleyan Church! Keep in mind these were kids of parents with various faiths and no faith, kids required by law to attend, kids not equipped to question either the dogma or the bullying religionists’ use of state power.

Board-censored material included Sam Harris’s Letter to a Christian Nation, Robert Ingersoll’s Jesus is Dead, and Ibn Warraq’s Why I Am Not a Muslim. (These banned books totaled 1,184 pages, less than the average Bible’s almost 2,000, so volume wasn’t the issue.) One of OCPS’s excuses: It is “age inappropriate for . . .
students in high school” to hear the opinion that Jesus did not rise from the dead. Apparently, the gorier Biblical stories are OK.

Such Christian misappropriation of civic power is not rare, but an everyday occurrence. (With no more than five minutes research I can find at least twenty such events in the past couple of months.) Christians fail to understand that not everyone is convinced by their stories of devils, miracle cures, crying statues, ghosts, and an inextinguishable hell.

The upshot is that churches and Christians use the formidable power of the state to proselytize, to silence opposing views, and in the OCPS case to indoctrinate a captured, impressionable audience. Only a weak argument needs that kind of governmental support, as Ben Franklin pointed out. It is only slightly encouraging that public schools’ determination to select which religious faith to endorse seems a little less now than when I was in school. Jewish kids then were regularly segregated from Gentile kids during class time Bible lessons. Yes, that was in public schools, with their minor Jewish ghettos in the hallway. Because one couldn’t count on the vaunted Christian sense of morality, it took court cases to curtail the worst abuses because reasoning and appeals to their better nature were insufficient.

If the Orange County matter is like other instances of religious fervor spread or facilitated by schools, at some point someone will advance the ridiculous argument that teachers should not have their freedom of speech and religion curtailed. Of course, as individuals they should retain those rights (and nonbelievers should support their free exercise). But teachers or administrators using their positions to preach (or invite others in to preach) are acting not as individuals, but as instruments of the state. The state does not have freedom of religion; individuals do.

Lest my harangue be dismissed as merely taking offense at the expression of something I don’t like, let me add one last thought: I am not offended and I have no right not to be offended. No, being offended is far too feeble a term. I am enraged at bullying of all sorts, but most of all by people who claim the moral high ground based on their fantasies of divine instruction.

Posted in Church and state | Leave a comment

Words, words, words

I have a thing about words, about language, enough to be thoroughly embarrassed when I get it wrong. I try unsuccessfully not to lovingly nurse my peeves about grammar and word choice. Something grates on me about the incorrect differentiation of farther/further, as/like, fewer/less, well/good, skeptical/cynical, and the ubiquitous its/it’s. Fingernails on a chalkboard couldn’t be more disturbing than “they” with a singular antecedent, reference to “these kind” of examples, or quotation marks (British translation: inverted commas) used as decoration rather than a contribution to meaning.

My irritating pedantry softened somewhat after spending hours listening to a linguist/historian teach how language predictably evolves—crude usage becomes standard, poor grammar gravitates to being the norm, and mispronunciation drops its “mis.” It was downright humbling or at least deflating to learn so much of my revered correct usage began life as something, in its time, thought by persons of refined taste to be crude, uneducated, or vulgar.

Should I abandon my religious (!) addiction to the verbal rules I value so much? Maybe chilling out would liberate me to say discomforting things . . . like its obvious that everyone knows they must adjust to less rules even without farther examples. Yet, in the afterlife all those less obsessive than I will surely get their comeuppance. I can see the attraction of religion.

Posted in This blog, this blogger | Leave a comment

The joy and cosmetics of blogging

My experience in writing this blog is pure pleasure mixed, as I expected it to be, with an occasional struggle in expressing thoughts accurately. For a guy who likes to think of himself as philosophically minded and verbally still adequate, this is a perfect retirement hobby.

I’ve found that re-reading these musings (to see what I’ve said) is far more pleasant on the blog site than in the font-challenged versions sent out in followers’ emails. It is humbling to consider that whatever illusion of wisdom shows up is at least partly due to the beauty of perfect typesetting. That may be, but there’s no denying that the email version seems visually thrown together. It’s only a bit short of distressing to think the utility of any insights conveyed rests largely on appearance. At any rate, I suggest you read posts on the johnjustthinking.com site rather than in your email program. I can assure you I’ll seem much smarter.

Posted in This blog, this blogger | Leave a comment

Pie in the sky by and by

Faith. Faith . . . as magic a word as can be found in the supernaturalist vocabulary. Now, I don’t mean faith that a chair will not collapse, that a friend will really pay you back, that the Air Traffic Controller is competent, or that the sun will come up tomorrow. C’mon, nobody is faithless; everyone has faith; faith is a necessary component of life. The issue is not faith versus non-faith (we have no choice), but the object of faith (e.g., flu vaccine vs. Joseph Smith), the criteria needed to establish and maintain faith (e.g., hopeful guesswork vs. controlled experiment), and the amendabilty of faith for modification (e.g., intransigence vs. correction).

Althouth all types of faith are ripe for study, faith in this posting s not the sort routinely subjected to disinterested testing, but the special religious sort wherein refusal to apply unbiased testing is the norm. Curiously, social merit attaches even to professing this type of faith. Clearly, compared with less emotionally and socially charged types of faith, this one is exceptional. This is religious faith, so unique that I’ll use capitalization to differentiate it from the rest: Faith. (I’ll ignore astrologists, shamans, psychics, and other faith-based proponents, even though their approaches to life are virtually identical to those of religious Faith. Because they are of such insignificant effect in the advanced world, I’ll exclude them here from consideration.)

There’s a remarkable curiosity with regard to Faith and its social merit. Faith is not said just to be a good thing, it is a commendable thing and even a mark of a good person. That’s a heavy load to assign merely to whether a person is convinced of a claim of truth. A man or woman of Faith. Walk in Faith. Live one’s Faith. Those terms purportedly denote good things; they are badges of moral value. No such
sociolinguistic support system is necessary for other types of faith. You may deny having faith that the Cubs will win the World Series next year, but your standing in the community won’t suffer for it. To question Faith, however, is a near heretical thing…a capital crime in our culture only a few centuries back, and in some cultures still today. Wow. All that fuss simply because someone doesn’t find an argument convincing?

It is often argued that the only substantiation needed for “true” Faith is evidence in the heart, proof felt as a “moral certainty.” We’d all be outraged if anyone were to be convicted in court on such flimsy (read: meaningless) verification. Yet non-evidenced belief is so necessary in the religious counterfeit of the pursuit of truth, that we actually make a virtue of it! (George is a good man—he attaches his fidelity and his life to extraordinary propositions that proudly deny any supportive evidence!) Perhaps unusual endorsements are needed to prop up Faith because by its very nature it comes unsupported by credible substantiation. “We live by Faith, not by sight” (NIV 2nd Corinthians 5); “Faith is being … certain of what we do not see” (NIV Hebrews 11). “It is righteousness to believe” and “certainty is attained by the heart’s assurance” (Quran, Surat 23). Each Christian child is warned against being a “doubting Thomas.” Moreover, these cautions and verbal contortions are not the only supports; we even have a special, chilling word, blasphemy, to stand guard at the acceptable limits of questioning Faith.

In other words, Faith in the most important features of all creation has to stand on less evidence than we require to prove one toothpaste is better than another.

Yet, as if we haven’t learned anything about how easily we can fool ourselves in the last few millennia since our current religions began, we rely on obscure and ancient texts, emotional feelings, and patent fabrications to support questions that go to the heart of the human condition. Even as recent and directly experienced events to which eyewitnesses are called upon to attest in court are famously faulty. Why, when we’ve learned so much about “expectation bias” and our insistent need if not to find, then invent, patterns in ambiguous data do we act as if we’ve learned nothing? (I don’t even want to ask how much agreement you and your spouse have about who said what in your most recent argument.) The test that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence makes perfect sense to us unless the claims are religious ones. Are we mad?

Multicultural mixing of the modern world has led to different Faiths finding themselves living in close quarters. Their acolytes don’t
like each other all that much, but since all their Faiths are similarly suspect, they find common cause in criticizing Faithlessness. So it is that in the United States, at any rate, professing any Faith is far better than no Faith at all. We have a virtual, nationwide religion: faith in Faith!

Ah, but religionists faced with illogic of their creeds, can fall back on religion’s moral authority. The human race is so cruel and dangerous that even if Faith is folly, at least it civilizes the raging beast within us. After all, what would we do without the absoluteness of a received—that is to say, divinely authored—moral code? Even if it is attributable to a nonexistent God, Faith-based morality saves us from the horrors of relativism, the terrible state of having to accept responsibility to work out on our own the ways in which we should behave toward each other.

This is a strange argument, since if the source of morals is not supernatural, then all our moral codes must have been invented by us anyway! The problem in not recognizing that we work out morality on our own is that religions’ effect sabotages development of sensible human ethics, as only a short review of the pseudo morality that religions have infected us with down through the millennia attests.

First, let me say that the utilitarian argument that religion at least gives us morality—should it be shown true—has nothing to do with confirming Faith. It merely claims that if a divine force weren’t there, we’d have to invent it. But second, the “should it be shown true” proviso is of seminal importance: Research into whether individuals of Faith are more kind, honest, or helpful than people of no Faith does not support religion’s claims. Similar statistics are found when comparing whole populations of Faithful versus unFaithful. In other words, religion, despite its claim to be the source of morality, fails miserably.

There is more to be said about the effects of religious Faith on humans’ treatment of each other and their ability to absorb new discoveries about our world, but that I’ll leave for a later posting. Suffice it to say now that the familiar and loudly hyped religious claim to seek, love, serve, and defend The Truth is so much poppycock; pure drivel. Religious Faith is in no way about truth, but about a tenacious, unyielding, socially—sometimes legally—enforced way to deny and avoid it.

Posted in Faith and reason, Religion's costs and foibles | Leave a comment

Conversation, not conversion

I enjoy the philosophical topics for which I created this blog. I enjoy in-person discussions, ones that are easy exchanges and ones that are more like debates. Additionally, like anyone else who loves spirited interchange with bright, similarly engaged colleagues, I admit to a bit of delight in trying to best an opponent. Ironically, however, my purpose is rarely to “convert” anyone.

So it is that in this blog, I’m not driven by winning anyone over to atheism. I’m not seeking to jerk religious faith away from people whose lives are enriched by it. Despite its less savory characteristics, religion does offer for many people comfort, a sense of purpose, escape from loneliness, and a framework of right and wrong. It does those things quite apart from whether it contains a grain of truth and whether its concept of morality is straight out of the Bronze Age.

So apart from joy in recreational argument and even though not having primarily a proselytizing purpose, what is my motivation? Three things. [1] Support: To reinforce for persons fretting about their loss of faith why their worries are unwarranted. Letting go of the illusions and untruthfulness of religion can be a lonely evolution, since the “help” of the closest and dearest persons in one’s life become useless or even hurtful. [2] Attack: To strike back in protest against the frequently successful attempts of the faithful to control others’ lives including mine, i.e., going on the offence. [3] Explication: To explain, at least in my case, the sequence of thought leading to nonreligious and antireligious positions.

The first motivation, then, is to be helpful to honest “seekers” in situations wherein most or all advice available is the impassioned, seemingly authoritative, often shaming, counsel of superstition. The second motivation is to oppose the arrogance and bullying that the religious are prone to, usually without recognizing their oppressive effects, and the more so when in the majority. The third is merely educational.

I realize it is easy to confuse one of these motivations with the other. Still, these motivations are worth declaring in part because religious websites and blogs normally (maybe exclusively) do have the intent of conversion, of bringing sinners to Christ or however admission to a particular sect’s idea of salvation is stated.

By these comments, I do not mean to say there’s anything wrong with trying to convert the faithful to atheism, agnosticism, or deism. Certainly, those who do not bank on the supernatural have as much right to be evangelical as those who do. (Religious attempts to curb such reverse evangelism or even straightforward statements of secular humanism is one instance of religious bullying. Examples of this censorship, some of which I’ll focus on in later posts, abound.) It is simply that conversion is not my intent in this blog and, in fact, only rarely in my life outside this blog.

Posted in This blog, this blogger | Leave a comment

Being civil about gay marriage

About macro-economics, I’m moderately conservative. About freedom of lifestyle, I’m hyper liberal. It may, therefore, seem inconsistent that I am opposed to gay marriage. Let me explain.

Gay marriage is controversial only due to the entanglement of religion in civil law and the religious bullying that entanglement invites. Given the centuries-overdue liberalization of attitudes on same-sex love, lust, and living arrangements, most Americans now agree that denying same sex couples the civil benefits of marriage is ethically wrong and civically unnecessary. But many other Americans are opposed—some militantly so—to redefining the traditional definition of marriage. All but a negligible proportion of the opposition is due to widespread belief that marriage is an institution created, defined, and protected by God.

Surprise! When people cite an unseen authority whose nature is widely debated even among believers, straight thinking (the pun’s accidental) about civilized public policy is in grave danger. Need I reflect that—even as we touted our commitment to equality—slavery, disempowerment of women, racial segregation, and anti-miscegenation laws were OK for decades because millions of Christians were sure God said they were? It is just another shameful extension to that list that we fined, hassled, and imprisoned homosexuals in America since its founding until, in a fit of liberalization, we decided that declaring gays second-class citizens instead would be a more Christian thing to do. Drunken on newfound enlightenment, many religious folks offered a charitable compromise, even if one reeking with condescension: We would tamp down our homophobia (perhaps even deny we had any left) if gays would just keep their gayness to themselves, not flaunt it, and by all means not have an “agenda.”

(That last bit has always mystified me. What human doesn’t have an agenda? It is not a meaningful criticism to observe that gays, unions, Baptists, witches, and atheists have agendas. How could they not?)

Anyway, offering civil unions to same sex couples developed as an ostensibly fair compromise between civil rights and public piety. Mindful of the parallel with the old “separate but equal” ruse, proponents of lawful same sex unions were neither grateful nor satisfied; after all, the compromise only succeeded in reducing the degree of civil discrimination, not its elimination. So the controversy continued, resolve hardening on both sides. On one hand, how can a fair-minded society be so obviously unfair? On the other, how can a majority Christian society change God’s definition of marriage? Hold those thoughts for a minute, please, while I digress.

Funny how we can profess sweeping, even profound values, yet with great surprise find ourselves rudely violating them! Hypocrisy is so much a part of our makeup that we can despair of declaring difficult moral obligations. Why, for example, enshrine our superficiality in rhetorical flourishes like “all [people] are created equal” when we obviously don’t mean it? Why pledge “liberty and freedom for all” when we obviously don’t mean that either. Why pronounce our bigger values, since claiming a high moral ground just sets us up for hypocrisy?

Much as it seems a defense of hypocrisy, I think there is good reason to express the broader—one might say deeper—value, for as time moves on there’s a chance that the broad aspiration might be realized when it becomes increasingly uncomfortable to countenance the discrepancy. (We should be embarrassed that our eventual discomfort is normally born out of loud, irritating, persistent protesters rather than our commitment to civic morality.) Thus, we finally found that slavery violates our stated values, then lack of suffrage for women, then discrimination by race. Gay access to the same civic benefits of partnering is but another step in that progress—not because of capitulation to a gay agenda, but due to the “peoples’ agenda”: those civic and humanitarian values to which we’ve long said we ascribe. Now, hold that thought, too, if you please.

An encompassing value in the U. S. Constitution is that the civil power erected by its adoption would not take its orders from religious faiths, discriminate among those faiths, or adjudicate between religious faith and lack of it. The writers created a foundational document based largely on the philosophical considerations of Locke and Mill not on the Bible as current revisionists bend reality), one which preserved religious liberty by the simple albeit revolutionary expedient of professing no religious intent, no religious rules, no religious support, and no religious inclinations. For adherents to the various religions and for those in none, this intentionally godless Constitution was, in a word, a godsend. The founders knew that the most certain way to forfeit religious liberty would be to get the government into it.

Thanks for holding those thoughts; now I’ll get back to gay marriage. There are a couple of ways our society can resolve the immoral treatment of gays with respect to legally recognized unions. One, the most obvious is to grant gays the same status as straights: marriage for same-sex as well as opposite-sex persons. Certainly that takes care of the matter. I’ve become convinced, however, that religions are so attached to the word “marriage” that they think their religion has the right to own it. In their defense, they are correct that marriage has a long association with religion, considerably before civil governments got into the act. As political states took over, the religious connotations stuck. It is understandable that religious people get their knickers in a twist when, as they see it, liberalization-gone-wild shoulders in on their special word. Love that cannot speak its name seeks to force organized religion to give its blessings to what would it believes to be an abnormal arrangement.

(A parenthetical word about “abnormal”—so often a statistical substitute for thought. As long as it refers simply to a trait in short supply, there’s no harm done. Six fingers per hand and psychosis are abnormal, but so is genius and a .350 batting average. Strong attraction to the same sex, evolutionary biologists contend, runs a relatively constant 8% of the human population and exists in varying amounts in other species, so on that basis it counts as abnormal. Abnormality per se, however, is a numerical judgment, not a moral one. Even then, though, if it is normal for the human race to be 8% homosexual, what good does it do to call each individual instance of it abnormal? Each is merely an instance of a predictable and historically demonstrated take on life. At any rate, abnormality signifies good or bad only when other considerations are consulted such as tendency toward a disease or offense to a god. Greek gods didn’t get too excited about it, but it seems Yahweh gets a bit bent out of shape though he’s more upbeat about left handedness and red hair. I guess even God can’t keep tabs on everything, there being a lot of sparrows to watch. Bottom line: Do I view heterosexuals’ treatment of gays as frank immorality? Absolutely. Do I see homosexuality as abnormal or, for that matter, any less wholesome than heterosexuality? Not in the least.)

Recently, I saw a Christian protester carrying a sign saying “Marriage was created by God: one man, one woman.” Hers was one of the gentler messages, though happily none sank to the vile level of “God hates fags.” But apart from the implied harshness of her judgment, she seemed oblivious to the fact that a civil government decision has (or should have) nothing to do with what she thinks her God has to say.

And she will likely never understand the meta-political reason why it shouldn’t. (Just as the free market must be saved from as well as for businesses, religious freedom must be saved from religionists. In both instances, those most benefitting from the freedom are the first to destroy it.) So rather than defying the protesters’ arrogant ignorance, I propose we simply let religions have their sacred word so they can—sect by sect—define marriage any way their faiths dictate, including how to get into it, how to dissolve it, how many times it can be used, and all other religion-based rules of conduct. The state should never have gotten entangled in that controversy to begin with. The state has an interest in the civil consequences of partnering, but not in the religious ones.

So in addition to instituting gay marriage, the second method of resolving the matter—my preferred one—would be to get the state out of the marriage business altogether. Same-sex and opposite-sex would lose all meaning before the law, since the legal arrangement would not in itself have religious significance. Religious objectors would have nothing to be apoplectic about (well, nothing beyond their usual burden of representing God). The Constitution would be better served and religionists could continue to own the word marriage and define it however they wish. The state’s being mixed up with religion to the detriment and unnecessary heartache of both could so easily be avoided. Civil unions for all!

Posted in Church and state, Gays and other LGBTQs | Leave a comment

What’s a nice boy like me doing in a place like this?

My purpose in starting this blog was not to tell readers specifically about me. The purpose was and is to provide a medium to record my philosophical musings about the world. I realize, of course, you can’t neatly separate the man from the musings.

At any rate, in this posting I’ll not even try to make that separation because I want to explain what happened on my way from pre-ministry to confirmed atheism. Atheists are one of the most hated groups in America; even Muslims and Scientologists fare better. So the transformation was not done for social or financial advancement.

From youth to about 19 I was in church 3 times a week with vacation Bible school thrown in most summers. Although I can’t claim consistent piety, I was right in there with the best of them memorizing Bible verses, knowing the stories, and taking them to heart. Since I had a singing voice, I also quite often led the congregation in the shaped notes, four part harmony hymns common in the Church of Christ. I eagerly engaged other students in Biblical arguments with absolute certainty that the Church of Christ was the only true Christian church. We not only implied, but declared outright that no Baptists, Mormons, Catholics, or those in any other “false religions” could make it into heaven.

We believed the Bible to be the inspired and literal Word of God, that faith without works was dead, true worship could not use musical instruments, baptism had to be full immersion, communion was to be a weekly affair, and dancing was a sin and often movies as well. The Church of Christ was, well, THE church of Christ; all the rest were pretenders.

A few instances of actually preaching (yep, that earnest young man in the pulpit, c’est moi) convinced me that a life in the ministry was for me. During my final high school year I made plans to attend a Christian college following graduation. Then I hit the skids.

Well, not exactly right away. The big event was falling head over adolescent heels in love and lust. My high school girlfriend and I wanted to get married in the worst way. Early marriage was not exactly an obligation in the South, but in those days it wasn’t so out of the ordinary either. For employment to fund matrimony I joined the United States Air Force, was trained, assigned to Germany, then welcomed my bride to join me there. I had a lovely wife, a real job, and the confidence of having been born again in God’s only true church on earth! Does it get any better?

Then I began asking myself questions I couldn’t answer well. One was if I’d been physically born into a Muslim, Methodist, or Hindu family, how would I have found my way to the One True Religion? Luckily that was not my problem, but was it just chance? How could I know that I was not just a product of my environment like those others? Was I simply to thank God for amazingly good luck? Faith by itself didn’t make the difference; others have faith as well. Newly burdened with the weight of this inquiry, I set out to discover or develop compelling arguments that I, had I been one of those misguided souls, would have found sufficient reason to gravitate to the Church of Christ or at least to Christianity.

That didn’t go well. I read widely. I enlisted the base chaplain to help. I started little debates to stimulate thought. I was, in short, a complete nerd and bore. What I also was was unsatisfied. My faith-threatening inquiry might have closed a door, but so far God hadn’t opened a window. Rather than failing to find reasons for the unsaved to adopt my inbred version of reality, I was failing to find reasons for me to retain it.

This entire quest was a cerebral one. There was no great loss or disappointment that led me to question the god hypothesis. I was not rebelling against anyone or anything. But within a few months I had graduated from fundamentalist Christian to agnostic-seeker, continuing to read hungrily and to engage with others on religion and its absence. As the years progressed into my early and mid 20s, a godless universe and perpetual ignorance became increasingly comfortable. At this point in my life (age 75) atheism fits me like an old jacket.

I’ve no need to convert anyone to atheism, though I enjoy an intellectual tit for tat just for fun. It is extraordinarily rare that I actually begin a religion discussion. The chief exception is when confronted by the pervasive religious bullying I will address in a later posting.

So my story is a rather simple one. For the past half century I have been an atheist, but far more import is my self-identity as a secular humanist. (“Atheism,” after all, only tells what one doesn’t believe, not what one does.) Secular humanism is focused on our obligation and opportunity to optimize ethical behavior, liberty of conscience, and the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom, unguided and unbounded by ancient superstitions, keenly aware that as far as we know, we are all we have.

Posted in This blog, this blogger | Leave a comment

Happy birthday, U. S. A.!

Yes, happy 225th birthday on June 21 this month! This date in 1788, not July 4, 1776, was the day the United States became a lawfully constituted new nation of nine states. Into the world was born a unique new country; historically unique in its extraordinary confidence in “we, the people” and its distinctive secular framework able to embrace people of all religions and none.

The completed draft of a constitution creating that country had been sent to 13 states for consideration in September the previous year. (Amendments were to come later.) The startling document being considered in each state included the following provision in its Article 11:

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

Eight states (DE, PA, NJ, GA, CT, MA, MD, SC in that order) had already ratified before New Hampshire put the matter over the top June 21, 1788. So a nine state (not 13) new USA was born that date. It fell to the retiring Confederation Congress to declare on September 13, 1788 that the new Constitution “has been ratified in the manner therein declared to be sufficient for the establishment of the same” and to start the mechanics moving, such as selecting a capital and scheduling elections, actions tantamount to priming a pump. Some make the case that this recognition by the Confederation Congress (the one being replaced) is the proper birthday. Others argue that the start of the new country was March 4, 1789 when the new Congress first convened in New York. (That is a reasonable choice, but the claim by one source that the Constitution itself began on March 4, 1789” is just plain wrong.) The basis for my position that June 21, 1788 is the appropriate birthday is [a] that the trigger clause (shown above) meant what it said, [b] that the September 13 declaration later that year was simply a recognition of the June 21 fact, and [c] that March 4, 1789 is only the date the new Congress first met, an event completely dependent on what occurred June 21, 1788 and, in any event, had already been preceded by other events under the new Constitution (e.g., election of new officials).

So what about our misconception about Independence Day, July 4th (1776)? Momentous as it was, the Declaration of Independence signed that date did not create a new sovereign country nor was it meant to. (It is not a legal document of the USA.) It was a compact of rebellion against the King, a confederation of thirteen former colonies announcing their joint commitment to separate new identities as sovereign states. They were, so to speak, united States of America (some documents even used that non-capitalization), but not the United States of America. They were declaring their individual independence from the British crown and their several independent sovereignties, not the sovereignty of their confederation. By 1781 these former colonies had adopted a written document for their alliance, calling it Articles of Confederation. Later, pressure grew (not without resistance) to form a single nation, leading to the new Constitution. Thus a new sovereignty was born out of their several sovereignties—e pluribus unum—an enormous step requiring each state to relinquish its individual sovereignty by transferring it to the new entity, the United States of America. You might say that under the Articles the emphasis was on the pluribus, while under the Constitution the focus moved to the unum.

(Under the Articles, states had transferred some powers to the Confederation itself, but only as much as was consistent with their own individual sovereignty. The Constitution required transferring it all. It is true that in the initial wording of the Constitution, states retained many powers. However, with states’ sovereignties having been given up, additions or reductions of power left to states would be decided by the country as a whole through amendments. No change could be decided unilaterally by a single state as if it were still sovereign. Said more pointedly, under the new Constitution individual states would forever be subordinate to the whole whether they liked further developments or not. The Civil War and the 14th Amendment, along with subsequent legislative actions and Supreme Court decisions further clarified the supremacy of the central government. States’ relinquishing sovereignty was such a big deal that left-over struggles are still prominent in today’s politics.)

At any rate, however one chooses among the other alternatives I mentioned, the one certainty is that July 4, 1776 is clearly not the birthday of our country. The United States of America, as a sovereign nation among nations, was not created until almost 12 years later. But don’t let that slow down your partying, July 4th is still an important date.

Posted in History | Leave a comment

Only “in the name of” religion

Christians, as do other religionists, naturally do things that are motivated, justified (or excused) by their religion. Frequently, they do so explicitly in the name of their religion. Many of those things, such as hospitals and relief efforts, are humane, gentle, and ethical even in the opinion of persons of other religions or of none. Acting in the name of religion has produced much that is good and much that is bad.

But this post is about the disparaging use of the term “only in the name of religion.” The term indicates that some unseemly religious action doesn’t represent real religion, but a misguided or perverted version of religion. Used this way, the term demands that we not impugn religion just because an extremist claims religious reasons for bad actions. I’ll step back a bit to explain why my secular point of view finds this “only in the name of religion” dismissal to be unconvincing.

Religion’s distortion of reality, rewriting of history, unethical treatment of the faithful as well as of dissenters and bullying control of civil authority can be demonstrated so easily that religious people themselves can cite examples. Their recognition of these unsavory features of religion, however, seems to be much easier when the unsettling features are linked to others’ religions or even their own religion far enough in the past. Modern Catholics, for example, are as horrified by the Inquisition as are non-Catholics.

But as to the current time, one’s own religion is not only innocent of such insalubrious acts, but claims a measure of immunity from being criticized. No matter how completely off-the-wall a religion’s tenets, overt criticism is by social consent reserved only for religions distant in geography, time, or dogma. With the shortcomings of religion being so obvious, one way to avoid denigration striking too close to home is to claim that whacky or belligerent religions are not real religions at all! (A good Protestant friend of mine is sure that Catholics are not Christians. She is exceptional, however; such opinions among Protestants are usually reserved for Mormons and Scientologists.)

So it is that embarrassing behavior of those in a despised religion can be dismissed as being “only in the name of religion.” That way the sacred banner of true religion is saved from stain by association. Moslem mistreatment of women, for example, can be said to be not due to real religion but in the name of religion. Similarly, persons in an otherwise acceptable religion who go off the rails enough to defy being swept under the rug, are said to be acting “only in the name of religion” but not due to real religion. After all, religion (well, real religion) must be honored as a force for good in the world. Heinous and psychotic beliefs and acts may be linked to false religion, but assuredly not to ours, hence use of the distancing term.

This “in the name of” business can be unfathomable to unbelievers. Wild stories with no evidence (raised from the dead, really?), ridiculous worship rituals (transubstantiation, really?), anti-science defensiveness (six thousand year old earth, really?), and such are the stuff of all religions, so it is hard for us to pick one as, so to speak, God’s Truth, and all the others as instances of fake, “only in the name of” material.

Just about the only way to avoid the conclusion that all religions are nuts is for a person to be born into one, in which case all religions except one are nuts. Being born into a creed seems to be a dubious way to discover truth, but it has worked for most people through history. Just try to find Christians brought up as Muslims, Hindus brought up as Christians, and all the other permutations including their reverses; don’t omit abandoned religions of the past and those yet to be devised. (Remember that Mormonism didn’t pop up until relatively recently, so there’s no reason to think we’ve seen them all and, incidentally, no reason to think the one true religion has yet been found.). At a more detailed level, consider how many Lutherans become Catholic, how many Eastern Orthodox become Christian Scientists, and so on ad infinitum. Be sure to include the numerous varieties of Christianity that existed before Rome declared orthodoxy centuries after the reputed Jesus. Even if, against these uncountable religious options, “no one comes to the Father but through [Jesus],” even that definitive pathway is, to say the least, rather poorly lit.

Someone like me is not armed with the superhuman knowledge of absolute truth that believers claim to possess. So being able to tell the difference between real religion and false religion is impossible, especially since false religion so frequently means simply “not my religion.” Real religion and the religous cover of a deceptive religion look exactly the same. Besides, if persons say they are acting on the basis of their religion, who am I (who is anyone) to say they are not simply because their religion isn’t acepted as real? It is real religion, not some fake version of it, no matter how batty an observer thinks it is. Besides, there is no stupid, crazy, or hurtful individual or group behavior that a “mainline” religionist would like to dismiss as “only in the name of religion” that is more stupid, crazy, or hurtful than the behavior over time of one or more of what are largely perceived as real religions.

When religionists admit as “evidence” ghost stories, talking serpents, 72 virgins, ancient compromised texts as God’s Word, alchemy communions, people crawling out of graves, and prayer-driven divine intervention into physics—it is hard to distinguish one form of nuttiness from another. Once you give such credence to religious thinking, you can never be sure where the zigzag use of pseudo-reasoning will come out–sometimes in a humane place, sometimes not. But there’s scant chance we’re due for reforming religious thought anytime soon. So in the spirit of “if you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em,” I am disposed to define religion as a human activity that is “only in the name of logical thinking.”

Posted in Religion's costs and foibles | 1 Comment

The happy atheist

I know quite a few atheists, agnostics, and Deists. There may be a few whose lives could be described as unfulfilled or unhappy, but no more than among my religious friends. (Of course, in both cases lack of fulfillment or unhappiness would be affected by other factors.) I think I personally would be described as happy, interested, and interpersonally easy-going. The angry, unhappy, get-off-my-lawn caricature of atheists just doesn’t fit.

That proves nothing about who is right, of course. But it does prove that (a) the sources of such misinformation are not truthful and (b) religion isn’t needed to live a satisfying and productive life. (An ethical life, as well, but I’ll leave morality/ethics for another post.)

Getting factual about this is relevant because a familiar sales pitch by religionists is the great comfort and happiness that comes from a religious faith. I don’t doubt that religion does offer that in some cases, though I suspect that at least some of the comfort is due to religious advocates’ spreading the word that horrid things are in store otherwise. If we spread the rumor that life without Jesus will be hard and unrewarding here and even worse in the hereafter, it’d be no wonder that people feel relieved to know there’s an antidote. Funny, though, that religions (and any number of cults) with diametrically opposed teachings promise the same solace. Sort of tips you off that the relevant factor here is psychological rather than theological, so much so that it is embarrassing that the word ending “logical” shows up at all in that comparison.

Considered against the world population over an unknowable number of centuries yet to come, most Christians I’ve heard on the matter don’t think anywhere near a majority will be “saved,” even among people who identify themselves as Christian. Will only a tiny minority see the Pearly Gates? (In the Bible, John’s apocalypse is sometimes cited as saying that only 144,000 will make it, but on closer inspection that interpretation is rather questionable.) Even so, so many more Christians’ future contains hell more than harps that, well, let me just say the percentages don’t look as good as the average state lottery. Try as I might, I can’t find any comfort offered by so dim a prospect. But it does suggest a great—shall I say comforting—sales pitch for unbelief: Throw off these unsubstantiated, superstitious tales. Be free from the fear of everlasting punishment. Relax, enjoy your life in this awesome universe, and the prospect of an unworried death!

Posted in Atheism and other freethought, Life, living, and death, Pleasure, enthusiasm, and awe | Leave a comment

Just one god?

I like Deists. Unlike theists (Christians, Moslems, and a few scattered others), they aren’t pushy. At least not about religion. They don’t buy into all the dressings of prayer, sin, divine forgiveness, and salvation, not to mention the sacrifice of tithes, sex, and Sunday mornings.

Deists look at this magnificent world and can’t bear the idea that it all came from chance and unplanned development like natural selection. There just has to be an intelligent something beyond our imagination that started all this! For convenience, let’s call it a god or, bowing to our pervasive sexism, let’s call him a god. The monotheist practice of even capitalizing the relevant pronoun seems harmless enough, so we may slip an agreeable Him and His into the conversation. He is the god, so we might as well just name Him God. George, Pedro, Pierre, or Abdul seem a little inappropriate and, besides, His having been Christened (oops) some appellation (His Christian name? I’ve definitely run off the rails here) at birth even stretches a Deist.

It doesn’t matter much what we call it, ahem, that’s a Him, because He has little to do with us anyway. (Theology, letting us down once again, offers no guidance as to whether a genderless god would be an It. Pity, I can envision Christian billboards snappily admonishing us to “Get with It!”) In fact, winding us up and getting the hell out of the way is Deists’ God’s most charming characteristic.

Just as theist believers often add their own personal twists to common tenets of their faith, Deists do as well. You know what I mean. Your uncle Oscar thinks God will overlook missing the “assembling of yourselves together” as long as he watches Robertson or Dobson on the tube. Your cousin Betsy is sure screwing her boyfriend isn’t a sin as long as she thinks of England. Your local parish priest figures there is nothing wrong with . . . (OK, even this blog has to have some limits). But you see what I mean; there are uncountable variations.

Well, Deists are like that, too. Deists like Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, and a whole passel of America’s founding lights put their own slant on Deism. Jefferson had his famous mutilated Bible. Other Deists nevertheless gave churches a free pass in the public square. I have Deist friends who are sure “there’s something out there;” they’re convinced that “something” is benevolent and, who knows, might be constitutionally against tyranny. So if theists don’t have to be purists, I suppose Deists don’t either.

I’ve said Deists are pretty much live-and-let-live-persons, so they don’t bother me like theists do. I’ve never had one ring my doorbell or get in my face to explain why I should know Jesus. I’ve never seen Deists who think the city council owes them a bully pulpit on the public’s dime. Perhaps there has once been a headline exclaiming that an enraged Deist crowd stormed an embassy or even burned down a church, but I missed it. So with only goodwill toward Deists, I would only challenge them as part of a mutually fun, intellectual exchange.

Let me try this: There is no reason or, in the absence of reason, no probability that there is a god that is not simultaneously a reason or probability that there are two gods or two billion. What made you folks settle for one? It’s a big universe, plenty of god room to go around, even more if like gendered animals they come in pairs.

Frankly, such a challenge might not be so gratifying as I first thought since any logic-respecting Deist would likely shrug and say something innocuous like “Yeah. That’d be OK. So what?,” thereby scotching the chance for further intellectual skirmishing.

But when God closes a door, It opens a window, I’m told. So all is not lost. The same cute question can be put to theists, and God knows, they don’t shrug stuff off. Irritating enough of them can yield an Inquisition or, closer to home, a Puritan Colony in Massachusetts or, even closer to home, riots against Catholics in 19th Century Pennsylvania. If theists believe—totally without evidence I might add—that there is a god, why would they stop at one? OK, they’ve got a holy book that tells them that. I won’t even deal with the shady provenance of that tome now. But, hey, wait, what does having “no gods before me” imply? Just saying.

Fact is, when a theist condescends to explain why he or she believes there to be a god, he or she inherits the burden of proof to justify thinking so small.

Posted in Atheism and other freethought | Leave a comment

Atheist, Agnostic –It’s So Confusing

We are expected by others and often impelled by our own needs to locate ourselves in the social landscape, that is, to say “what I am.” Sometimes that means what we make our living doing or what citizenship we hold. In small American towns it might entail declaring where we’ll be on Sunday morning. As a half-century member of the unchurched, that latter choice presents me with a small problem. I am happy to say I’m an atheist, but not only are lots of people unclear about what that means, a fair number have the bizarre opinion that no one is really an atheist, so they don’t believe me. (Admittedly, I’m not in a good position to chastise their lack of faith.) Some would like to soften my landing in the conversation by assigning me to the agnostic category under the impression that it is, well, less atheistic. After all, I’m a pretty nice guy, kind to animals and honest with my creditors. So if I choose to tug on supergod’s cape, surely I’d do so with an earnest seeker’s smile.

See, “atheist” only means non-theist; it doesn’t declare there is no god (though it can be used that way), just that I’ve no belief that there is one. “Agnostic” is a way of approaching alleged facts, sort of a Missouri “show me” frame of mind, although you’ll normally only hear it in the context of contentions about the supernatural. That makes me both atheist and agnostic, but I usually stick with atheist to make sure no well-meaning apologist can pretend I’m on a spiritual quest, certain to come to my senses in due time.

So let me summarize that: I have no belief in God, gods, angels, heaven, hell, devils, divinity, afterlife, intercessory prayer, sacred texts, sin, souls, or salvation. Here is what I do believe: first, there is no evidence thus far for any of those things; second, we living human beings are all we’ve got so we’d better do all we can to make our existence as compassionate, honest, comfortable, nonviolent, and free as we can.

Actually, from my perspective that last point is the most important. You see, being an atheist tells you what I’m not, but not what I am; it tells you what I don’t stand for, but not what I do. What that sentence reminds me and tells you is that far more important than being an atheist, I’m a humanist (of the secular variety)—a secular humanist.

So what does secular humanism entail? For me, three things mostly. First is a strong commitment to ethics and the further development of better ethics since we humans haven’t quite got that right yet (and morality derived from religions is as apt to mess it up as to help). Second is to treat the only life we are sure about with considerable care, compassion, mutual respect, and freedom. Third, although nothing human is free from error, is to support the scientific method as the most reliable means yet devised to describe ourselves and our world and to squelch what we’d be inclined to think is so but isn’t.

So what a miserable life it is without religion, without a loving god, and without a pass to avoid the unimaginable horrors that the loving god has in store for me and, apparently, for most of humanity! Not. Don’t fall for the lie about the despair and hopelessness of atheists, even though the propaganda is repeated from thousands of pulpits every Sunday. ’Taint so. Atheists are not less happy or less ethical than their religious friends. But they are less prone to announce themselves because of the social taboo promulgated by believers against unbelievers. In other words, most atheists are “in the closet,” so much that a joke among disbelievers goes this way: Q: Where are most atheists to be found? A: In church pews on Sunday morning.

I got my start in life in those pews as a believer. More about that later. Humans have invented uncountable gods over the centuries; monotheists (like Christians and Muslims) reject all but one. Atheists, as I think Richard Dawkins said, just reject one more god than their religious friends. But I’ll save until later how I became a disbeliever at the age of about 21 except to emphasize that I did not lose my faith. Lose is far too passive. I discarded it along with tooth fairies and Easter bunnies.

Posted in Atheism and other freethought | Leave a comment

Rules of engagement

This is just a posting of the rules I have for myself as they relate to religious or quasi-religious philosophy discussions. They are, if you will, my “rules of engagement.” There are four situations in which I’ll take part in a religion discussion. If there have been exceptions, they are mistakes rather than abandonment of my intent:

1] To learn about a religion or a religious position. In this case there is no contention or debate, just learning; not much talking but a lot of listening.

2] To share in a lively philosophical inquiry into whatever mutual exploration comes up. In this case there might be contention, but of a purely intellectual sort. This is the kind of philosophical exchange that 20 years ago enriched my relationship with Rev. Ron Nickle, my good Toronto friend. This only works with discussion partners who are willing and able to question all ideas including their own, all in the service of fun (definitely) and enlightenment (potentially). It isn’t something I’d unilaterally start with an unsuspecting partner.

3] To combat statements someone makes that assume we’re all in agreement about some religious belief or position when we are not…..the kind of situation wherein remaining silent is like giving consent. Examples are statements or questions that just takes it for granted that, e.g., we all know that Christians are more moral than non-believers or that God sent his son as a sacrifice.

4] To combat religiously driven positions that I think are unfairly or inaccurately damaging or demeaning to classes of people or individuals. This is mostly what drew me into the gay issue. In this instance, I don’t feel personally harmed, but protective of those I see as victims of religion.

Posted in This blog, this blogger | Leave a comment

Getting started

This blog was begun in late April 2013 to provide an outlet for my compulsion to commit opinions to words, normally opinions or lines of thought out of step with the majority. Just as this is a new blog, I am a new blogger, which means the start will undoubtedly be a stumbling one.

But stumbling matters little, since this is being written for friends and family. They are sometimes stimulated and occasionally appalled by what I have to say, but are inclined to graciously giving me wide latitude. But to be honest, my own entertainment is perhaps the greater reason for trying to get thoughts into words, thoughts that are carefully crafted hopefully with reason and logic intact. For many years I have found that I clarify my thoughts by writing quite as often as my writing is guided by settled ideas.
While I’ve no need to restrict who sees these pages, my intentional “audience” is anyone with the curiosity of spirit to question all those things we think are unquestionably right. besides, now I can foist these ideas on everyone who-driven by whatever measure of masochism-chooses to read them.

Finally, let me explain that I’ve not provided a chat-like provision for this blog, nor does it ask or accept “like” responses. I am not trying to start a dialogue or an argument. Friends and family know where to find me and certainly have access to methods to communicate their agreement, their challenges, and if it comes to it, their disgust. If that renders these musings little more than a mind-dump, so be it. [ADDENDA: (1) In July 2013 I added an email address to which comments, challenges, and requests from anyone can be communicated to me: johnjustthinking@bmi.net. (2) That email route can still be used, but a more common comments section was added in October 2014; you are invited to use it.]

Posted in This blog, this blogger | Leave a comment